Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Media Comparison Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Comparison Paper - Essay Example The E-business in its simplest form can be described as doing business in electronic form. Online presence is one predominant form of e-business. Today we are living in a society where the marketing techniques hold a great deal of importance. These techniques include marketing communication together with packaging of the product or service. Mass media plays a crucial role in propagating the message from the company to the existing as well as prospective customer. 'Mass media' a perfect combination of 'Mass' i.e. the public and 'media' i.e. the means of communication, is a deceptively simple yet broad term which encompasses Institutions as well as individuals. Electronic media, print media, internet, informal channels etc are all different forms of mass media. Now a days print media stands distinctly apart from other forms of media. While internet is able to provide us instant access to any information that we desire, print media has the potential of holding our attention provided the company is able to come out with a catchy advertisement. This forms the basis for further exploration. Dell seems to have mastered the art of co ming out with catchy ideas while propagating the message through print media. ... ell makes it a point that the advertisement appears distinctively graceful and full of information, sufficient enough for the prospective customer to do some initial research. In addition the company indicates its website address as well, with the information that the products can be customer built depending upon the requirements of the customers. This helps the company in making it a comprehensive marketing communication campaign. Dell.com: Where every day brings a New Deal The homepage of Dell is quite attractive as compared with the latest laptops inviting the visitor to at least have a look on the features. In the products category on the net, the company displays its entire range of products with options for the customer to go through all these products and zero-in on the desired one. Subsequently, the customer is taken on the desired product page, which displays; i. The price of the product ii. The tabs 'Build yours' and 'Build Yours with 64 bit power' for customization of the product1 Once the customer starts making his/her own product e.g. laptop computer with distinctive requirements, the costs of the product gets updated automatically. This feature is generally not found with other companies Once the prospective customer finalizes his/her requirements, the website asks the customer to fill out some of the personal details so that the company executive could get in touch with the person/s. This process hardly takes couple of minutes. Now, it is the turn of the company and its executives to get in touch with the online visitor and offer him/her the products at best possible prices. This is perfectly in line with the theories of communication which say that the visit must be followed up with matching offers to the customer. If the customer feels inclined

Monday, October 28, 2019

Halloween Night to Prom Night Essay Example for Free

Halloween Night to Prom Night Essay Hepatitis A is inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the liver from the hepatitis A virus. See also: * Hepatitis * Hepatitis A vaccine * Hepatitis B * Hepatitis C Causes, incidence, and risk factors The hepatitis A virus is found mostly in the stools and blood of an infected person about 15 45 days before symptoms occur and during the first week of illness. You can catch hepatitis A if: * You eat or drink food or water that has been contaminated by stools (feces) containing the hepatitis A virus (fruits, vegetables, shellfish, ice, and water are common sources of the hepatitis A virus) * You come in contact with the stool or blood of a person who currently has the disease * A person with hepatitis A does not wash his or her hands properly after going to the bathroom and touches other objects or food * You participate in sexual practices that involve oral-anal contact About 3,600 cases of hepatitis A are reported each year. Because not everyone has symptoms with hepatitis A infection, many more people are infected than are diagnosed or reported. Risk factors include: * International travel, especially to Asia or South or Central America * IV drug use * Living in a nursing home or rehabilitation center * Working in a health care, food, or sewage industry Other common hepatitis virus infections include hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Hepatitis A is the least serious and mildest of these diseases. The other hepatitis infections may become chronic illnesses, but hepatitis A does not become chronic. There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. Rest is recommended when the symptoms are most severe. People with acute hepatitis should avoid alcohol and any substances that are toxic to the liver, including acetaminophen (Tylenol). Fatty foods may cause vomiting, because substances from the liver are needed to digest fats. Fatty foods are best avoided during the acute phase. The virus does not remain in the body after the infection has gone away. Over 85% of people with hepatitis A recover within 3 months. Nearly all patients get better within 6 months. There is a low risk of death, usually among the elderly and persons with chronic liver disease. Prevention The following tips can help reduce your risk of spreading or catching the virus: * Always wash your hands thoroughly after using the restroom and when you come in contact with an infected persons blood, stools, or other bodily fluid. * Avoid unclean food and water. The virus may spread more rapidly through day care centers and other places where people are in close contact. Thorough hand washing before and after each diaper change, before serving food, and after using the restroom may help prevent such outbreaks. If you have recently been exposed to hepatitis A and have not had hepatitis A before or have not received the hepatitis A vaccine series, ask your doctor or nurse about receiving either immune globulin or the hepatitis A vaccine. Common reasons why you may need to receive one or both of these include: * You live with someone who has hepatitis A * You recently had sexual contact with someone who has hepatitis A * You recently shared illegal drugs, either injected or noninjected, with someone who has hepatitis A * You have had close personal contact over a period of time with someone who has hepatitis A * You have eaten in a restaurant where food or food handlers were found to be infected or contaminated with hepatitis A Vaccines that protect against hepatitis A infection are available. The vaccine begins to protect 4 weeks after receiving the first dose. The 6- to 12-month booster is required for long-term protection. See: Hepatitis A vaccine Travelers should take the following precautions: Travelers should take the following precautions: * Avoid dairy products. * Avoid raw or undercooked meat and fish. * Beware of sliced fruit that may have been washed in contaminated water. Travelers should peel all fresh fruits and vegetables themselves. * Do not buy food from street vendors. * Get vaccinated against hepatitis A (and possibly hepatitis B) if traveling to countries where outbreaks of the disease occur. * Use only carbonated bottled water for brushing teeth and drinking. (Remember that ice cubes can carry infection.) * If no water is available, boiling water is the best method for eliminating hepatitis A. Bringing the water to a full boil for at least 1 minute generally makes it safe to drink. * Heated food should be hot to the touch and eaten right away.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Benin Art in Museums and Galleries Essay -- Africa

The display of Benin art in museum and galleries reflect the attitudes and perceptions of Europeans towards non-western artefacts, especially African. Thus as European attitudes change towards non-western art since the discovery of Benin art in 1897, Benin art has been revaluated and re-categorised. Initially there was a great deal of debate about Benin art and its display, as it did not equate with the perceptions then held about Africa. Until the British conquest of Benin in 1897, little was known about Benin and its culture apart from brief interaction with other Europeans in the sixteenth century. The perception of Africa was of a primitive, savage and uncivilised land, full of ‘abuses and fetishes and idolatries’, (Hodgkin, 1975, p33). Therefore, when the British invaded Benin they treated any artefacts they found as ‘war booty’ (Woods, 2008, p30) and sold anything of any value to pay for the expedition. They removed artefacts and artwork without recording any contextual evidence of form or function. These ideas are evident in the photographs in figures 1.10 on page 31, 2.2 on page 50 in Cultural Encounters (AA100, Book 3) and Plate 3.1.14 in the Illustration Book: Plates for Book 3 and 4 where artefacts are bundled into piles with centralised whit e figures suggesting only British triumph (Loftus, 2008). The ‘clever workmanship’ (Gallewey, 1893b, p37) and ‘delicacy of detail’ (Bacon, 1897, p39) attest to the quality of the artwork and the subsequent bidding by rival museums and galleries for the pieces did not prevent the perception that Africa, and thus Benin, as being barbaric and primitive. The debate was how such a barbaric society could produce such sophisticated artwork. The quality of the Benin bronzes, based on... ... Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp. 45-58 Mackie, R. (2008), ‘The Art of the Benin: Changing Relations between Europe and Africa I: The conquest of the Benin in the 1890’s’, in Brown, R (ed.), Cultural Encounters (AA100 Book3), Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp. 16-32 Pike, J. (2008), ‘Cultural Encounters and Cultural Exemptions’, in Brown, R (ed.), Cultural Encounters (AA100 Book3), Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp. 90-122 Wood, P (2008), ‘The Art of the Benin: Changing Relations between Europe and Africa II: The Benin bronzes and Modern Art’, in Brown, R (ed.), Cultural Encounters (AA100 Book3), Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp.58-78 Woods, K (2008), ‘The Art of the Benin: Changing Relations between Europe and Africa I: The Art of the Benin’, in Brown, R (ed.), Cultural Encounters (AA100 Book3), Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp.4-16

Thursday, October 24, 2019

The Issue of Keeping Animals in Captivity

The issue of keeping animals in captivity has been brought into focus recently. Some people claimed animals have the right to choose to live in their natural habitats, but others think some animals do better in the zoos. Overall, it is important to look as both sides of the argument. Supporters of zoos would argue that there are many advantages to keeping animals in captivity. One of the most important of these is that there are some endangered species are protected in the zoos. Like Giant Panda, Brown Bear and Siberian Tiger and so on. Moreover, zoos give us a close encounter with wild animals. In addition to this, zoos make an easy life for animals. For example, they don't need to run about hunting for a meal, there are no real predators in the zoos and they don’t have to worry about finding partner. On the other hand, those who oppose zoos would argue that some large animals need plenty of space to wander around in. Such as lions and polar bears, they are also endangered species but they usually breed unsuccessfully in the zoos which because of stress. Furthermore, people visit zoos for entertainment not for education. Besides, animals lose natural instincts in the zoos. If we put them to the wildlife again, they can’t survive well independently. That is a kind of tragedy is made by human. On balance, I feel that zoos are not suitable for all animals, it’s really depends on what species they are, what behaviour they have and where is better for them to live. However, the zoos need to do more researches for understand animals better and improve the living environment of them constantly.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Consumer Buying Behaviour on Soft Drinks Essay

What influences consumers to purchase products or services? The consumer buying process is a complex matter as many internal and external factors have an impact on the buying decisions of the consumer. When purchasing a product there several processes, which consumers go through. These will be discussed below. 1. Problem/Need Recognition How do you decide you want to buy a particular product or service? It could be that your DVD player stops working and you now have to look for a new one, all those DVD films you purchased you can no longer play! So you have a problem or a new need. For high value items like a DVD player or a car or other low frequency purchased products this is the process we would take. However, for impulse low frequency purchases e. g. confectionery the process is different. 2. Information search So we have a problem, our DVD player no longer works and we need to buy a new one. What’s the solution? Yes go out and purchase a new one, but which brand? Shall we buy the same brand as the one that blew up? Or stay clear of that? Consumer often go on some form of information search to help them through their purchase decision. Sources of information could be family, friends, neighbours who may have the product you have in mind, alternatively you may ask the sales people, or dealers, or read specialist magazines like What DVD? to help with their purchase decision. You may even actually examine the product before you decide to purchase it. 3. Evaluation of different purchase options So what DVD player do we purchase? Shall it be Sony, Toshiba or Bush? Consumers allocate attribute factors to certain products, almost like a point scoring system which they work out in their mind over which brand to purchase. This means that consumers know what features from the rivals will benefit them and they attach different degrees of importance to each attribute. For example sound maybe better on the Sony product and picture on the Toshiba , but picture clarity is more important to you then sound. Consumers usually have some sort of brand preference with companies as they may have had a good history with a particular brand or their friends may have had a reliable history with one, but if the decision falls between the Sony DVD or Toshiba then which one shall it be? It could be that the a review the consumer reads on the particular Toshiba product may have tipped the balance and that they will purchase that brand. 4. Purchase decision Through the evaluation process discussed above consumers will reach their final purchase decision and they reach the final process of going through the purchase action e. g. The process of going to the shop to buy the product, which for some consumers can be as just as rewarding as actually purchasing the product. Purchase of the product can either be through the store, the web, or over the phone. 5. Post Purchase Behaviour. Ever have doubts about the product after you purchased it? This simply is post purchase behaviour and research shows that it is a common trait amongst purchasers of products. Manufacturers of products clearly want recent consumers to feel proud of their purchase, it is therefore just as important for manufacturers to advertise for the sake of their recent purchaser so consumers feel comfortable that they own a product from a strong and reputable organisation. This limits post purchase behaviour. i. e. You feel reassured that you own the latest advertised product. OBJECTIVES. * To understand the major factors influencing consumer buying behavior. * To know and recognize the types of buying decision behavior. * To understand the stages In the buying decision process. NEED OF THE STUDY * To understand why consumer make the purchases that they make SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS Scope of the study The scope of the study is to get the first hand knowledge about the buying behavior of consumers towards different brands of Soft drinks in VVISM students. The scope is restricted to study the factors affecting the preference of consumers while choosing a soft drink in VVISM college students. This is done to avoid perceptual bias and for providing objectivity to the study. Limitations of the study Sincere efforts have been made to collect authentic and reliable information from respondents, however the report is subject to following limitations: * Some respondents were reluctant to give the information, so their responses may be biased. * Time could be a major limitation as it may have affected the inferences drawn in the study. Only 20 respondents have been contacted due to time constraint. * Sample may not be the true representative of the universe. * Study was conducted in VVISM, Hyderabad only. So the results of the study may not be applicable in other areas. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE REVIEW OF LITERATURE SUMMARY OF 10 ARTICLES 1. Consumer buying behavior and market segmentation(By Rabbitat) According to the marketing guru Phillip Kotler, a human need is defined as a state of felt deprivation. A human want on the other hand is a need shaped by the individuals culture and society. Understanding what consumers need and how these needs can be made into wants is what effective marketing is all about! For instance a customer need may be thirst, and any drink such as a bottle of water could satisfy this need. However at the point of purchase effective marketing determines what the customer will want to purchase in order to quench their thirst. For example a good advertisement for coke could steer the customer away from the bottled water section and towards the fizzy drinks. On the other hand an effective ad for ice lollies, an indirect competitor, could steer the consumer away from the fizzy drinks. Therefore the more effective the marketing, the easier it will be to get the cash out of the customers hand! It is then obvious that Marketing is all about understanding consumer needs and steering the customer toward Your product by creating certain wants in the minds of the customer. To do this marketers should be aware of the consumer buying behavior process: Buyer recognition: the consumer has to realize there is a problem or need that needs to be fulfilled. The effective marketer will identify there is a difference between the actual state of the consumer and the desired state, and try to fulfill this state of deprivation. Information search: in this stage the buyer considers all the alternatives present. For instance, according to the example above, the customer would look at all thirst quenchers such as fizzy drinks, bottled water, juices and ice lollies. The most information a customer gains about alternatives is through commercial sources, such as advertisements and campaigns. However information about intangible products in the service industry would mostly come from personal experience or experience from others. Evaluation of alternatives: this is where all the information is gathered and evaluated to help make the purchasing decision. These three stages are important, for marketers to understand consumer behavior and what influences purchasing of a certain product category and brand. Purchase decision: this is the stage where purchasing of the most preferred alternative takes place. However the product category, brand, reseller, timing and quantity all play a role in the purchase decision. Post purchase decision: good marketers maintain a good relationship with the customer even after the purchase has been made. This is to reduce any chance of cognitive dissonance that the customer may experience with the product. To reduce the negative effects of customer cognitive dissonance, good after sales services could be provided along with effective advertising. This will attract more customers via word of mouth and generate repeat purchases. 2. Break the Resistance of Consumer Buying Behavior(By Darrell Zahorsky) Buyers today are a fickle group. Who’s to blame them? Bombarded with an endless selection of products and services, making a good purchase decision isn’t easy. What can your small business do when your potential buyers won’t buy? 5 Stages of Consumer Buying Behavior 1. Need Awareness: The beginning point of most purchasing is your potential buyer recognition of a need in their life. This need can be established by encountering a problem or prompted by a company’s marketing. 2. Information Search: With the rise of the Internet, it has never been easier for buyers to research their purchase. Make sure your small business is in the game by providing educational material on your website. 3. Check Options: After an information search, the customer will evaluate all the available options. Options include wanted features, pricing, and company credibility. 4. Purchase Decision: This is the moment when the customer wants to buy. Deals are easily lost when you keep selling to the customer. There’s an old adage in sales, when the customer says, â€Å"I’ll take it,† keep your mouth closed, and close the deal. 5. Post Buying Behavior: An overlooked piece of consumer buying behavior is what occurs after the purchase. The buyer will look for reinforcement from media, friends, and other sources confirming they made the right decision. Cognitive dissonance or â€Å"buyer’s remorse† happens when the buyer begins to feel the purchase wasn’t right for them. 3. Simple Purchases Aren’t Always so Simple(By S.L. O Brien) Purchasing decisions include many factors that most consumers are not even aware of. Five steps are involved in nearly every purchase made: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase Decision and finally post purchase behavior. even the simpler purchases can include any or all of these steps. Purchases are further influenced by such things as personal psychological and social issues. A good market researcher will study the thought process undergone by consumer, compare it with their demographic data and use the resulting information to market their products. Simple purchases aren’t always so simple 4. Nowhere to hide: buyer behavior in a connected world(By Paul Gibler) Window shopping isn’t dead, it has simply moved into a different dimension. This is a dimension where your business has â€Å"nowhere to hide† or can be â€Å"completely hidden† given the power of the Internet. Your business, be it a manufacturer, supplier or retailer needs to understand the changing nature of buyer behavior facilitated by the Internet. Whether buying through a virtual, real or multi-channel storefront, the options consumers use to learn about products, compare products, or shop prices have multiplied exponentially. The greater transparency created by these tools has made it critical that you understand and incorporate them into your business and marketing plans. Before the days of the Internet, buyer behavior often focused on word of mouth recommendations and feedback; in-store questioning; listening to, watching or reviewing ads; or reading print reviews in vertical publications or from multi-line authorities like Consumer’s Report. Today, the options for information search and product comparisons have multiplied beyond consumer’s processing ability. While this creates an opportunity for high service marketers with high touch products it has also generated the need to understand how consumers are behaving in their product purchasing activities. Consumers are continuing to look for ways to stretch their dollar while getting the best quality product that satisfies their needs. This has led them into â€Å"brick and mortar† stores like Costco, Wal-Mart, Aldi and Trader Joes to buy their food and staples; but it has also led them online for more complex purchases. 5. Consumer Buying Behavior and Manipulation(By Lance Winslow). We all know there are ways that that businesses use to manipulate our buying behavior to get us to buy more. We know there are many techniques and other stimuli, which affect us and we know that they are often employed in businesses. Generally we accept this even we actually stop to think about it. We probably determine that it is inappropriate and somewhat unfair. Yet we all participate in the impulse shopping and it seems to make us feel good to buy things,as a reward for our labours,with the money we have made. Certain music in stores will assist in helping retailers sell more. Certain room temperature at retailers,book stores,cofeeshops will increase impulse buying,which are generally amongst the highest priced items and definitely the highest profit items. 6. The Importance of Changing Customer Buying Behavior(By Stephen Diorio) The broad-scale adoption of new technologies has empowered consumers in previously unimagined ways. As a result, customer buying behavior is adapting to these new technological advances so rapidly that marketers sometimes cannot keep pace. Web sales are growing faster than catalog and store sales. Most direct marketers are now at least experimenting with online transactions. In the last year, for example, Lands’ End experienced 300 percent growth in e-sales while paper catalog sales growth slowed to 10 percent and margins shrank. 7. Types of Buying Decision Behavior(By Raja Vikram) Buying decision differs from person to person. Depending upon the need of the person,the decision gets changed. Various types of buying behavior are : Complex buying behaviour : This situation involves the high level of involvement from consumers and the same with the difference among brands. Dissonance reducing behavior : This involves high involvement of the buyer but a less significance difference among the brands. Habitual buying behavior : Here,there will not be any kind from the customer. Here the purchase happens depending upon the brand familiarity. Variety seeking buying behavior : Here the customer involvement is low but there will be significant difference among brands. 8. Characteristic Affecting Consumer Purchase Behavior(By Dhanan Sarwo utomo) People buy different products from different brand to satisfy their need. Consumer purchases are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristic . although marketers cannot control such factors , they must give attention to them. Marketers are always trying to spot cultural shifts in order to discover new product that might be wanted. For example the shift toward informality has resulted more demand for casual clothing and simpler fashionable products. 9. Consumer shopping behavior:How much do consumer save? (By Rachel Griffith) This paper documents the potential and actual savings that consumers realize from four particular types of purchasing behavior: purchasing on sale; buying in bulk (at a lower per unit price); buying generic brands; and choosing outlets. How much can and do households save through each of these behaviors? How do these patterns vary with consumer demographics? We use data collected by a marketing firm on all food purchases brought into the home for a large, nationally representative sample of U. K. households in 2006. We are interested in how consumer choice affects the measurement of price changes. In particular, a standard price index based on a fixed basket of goods will overstate the rise in the true cost of living because it does not properly consider sales and bulk purchasing. According to our measures, the extent of this bias might be of the same or even greater magnitude than the better-known substitution and outlet biases. 10. Indian consumer will seek value(By Arvind Singhal) Some of the trends listed below may look contradictory but then, at this time, the Indian consumer, especially the urban, middle income, and relatively young segment (and this classification will probably cover about 200 million individuals) is showing some seemingly contradictory buying behaviour. * Consumers will move beyond basic needs to discretionary spending. * They will seek value in products that serve basic needs such as food and grocery. * The definition of value will be different for different products. For instance, they will seek the lowest price for products that serve basic needs, whereas in others the determinants will range from aspiration to convenience to brand name. * There will be more visible consumption for products having bling value and consumers will continue to pay a premium for them. * We will see rise in indulgence with more desire for enjoyment and experience. * Consumers will seek more instant gratification. * We will also see the culture of throughout-the-year consumption rather than festival- or occasion-led spendings in the past. * We will see increasing fear of being ordinary. Consumers would want to be extraordinary though still within current social norms. * Consumers will get more conscious about their health and well being. * They will begin getting concerned with the surrounding environment—including nature, society, politics and public policy CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY SOURCE AND TYPE OF DATA COLLECTION 1 Primary Data Primary data is that data which is collected for the first time. It is original in nature in the shape of raw material. For the purpose of collection of primary data, a well structured questionnaire was framed which was filled by the respondents. The questionnaire comprises of close ended as well as open ended questions. In close ended questions dichotomous, ranking, checklist questions and multiple choice questions are used. 2 Secondary Data Secondary data is the data which is already collected by someone. They are secondary in nature and are in shape of finished product. Secondary data was collected so as to have accurate results. Required data was collected from various books, magazines, journals and internet. SAMPLING DESIGN Sampling refers to selecting some of the elements in a population by which one can draw conclusions about the entire population. 1 Universe Universe is the infinite number of elements which the researcher is targeting in his study. Since the study is restricted to VVISM students only the universe for the study consists of all the soft drink consumers in VVISM . 2 Population Population is finite number of elements which the researcher is going to target in particular area. All the soft drink consumer students in VVISM college form the population for the study. 3 Sampling Unit Sampling Unit is the single unit of the population. A single individual who consume soft drink form the sampling unit of the study. 4 Extent Extent refers to the geographical area where there is a scope of population. The extent of the study is VVISM,Hyderabad. 5 Sampling Technique The selection of the respondents was done on the basis of convenience technique based on the non probability method of sampling. 6 Sample size Sample size is the size of sample drawn from the population which is the true representative of the research. The number of respondents included in the study was 50 for convenience in evaluating and analyzing the data and because of time constraint. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT Questionnaire This instrument is more popular. The questionnaire is sent to the person concerned to answer the questions formatted and return the same soon. A questionnaire consist of a number of questions printed and typed in definite order on a form or set of forms. The questionnaire is sent to the respondents. In order to achieve the research objectives it is necessary to collect accurate and relevant data,secondary data are already published data collected for purposed other than specific research needs at hand. Primary data that are collected specifically for the research situation at hand,were collected by surveys using respondents surveys is one of the ways of collecting primary data namely observations,experiments and surveys. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS DETAILS QUESTIONNAIRE Q 1. Do you like to have soft drinks? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 42| 8| Q 2. Do you think that soft drinks that are available in the market are harmful for your health ? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 29| 21| Q 3. Do you think that soft drinks are good for refreshment? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 37| 13| Q 4. Which is your favourite flavour? a. Cola b. Orange c. Mango d. Lemon e. Others Cola| Orange| Mango| Lemon| Others| 26| 10| 10| 4| 0| Q 5. Are you satisfied with the price of your favourite soft drink? a. Satisfied b. Highly Satisfied c. Dissatisfied d. Highly dissatisfied Satisfied| Highly satisfied| Dissatisfied| Highly dissatisfied| 21| 29| 0| 0| Q 6. Are you influnenced by the advertisement given by your favourite soft drink company? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 24| 19| 7| Q 7. Do you think that endorsement by the celebrities can increase the sell of the soft drinks? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 28| 7| 15| Q 8. Is your favourite soft drink available in all/most of the retail store in your city? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 39| 11| Q 9. Do you feel that soft drinks should contain less calories so that those can be taken by the diabatese patients also? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 32| 18| Q 10. How many times in a week you go for soft drinks? a. 0-3 times b. 4-6 times c. 7-10 times d. More than 10 times 0-3 times| 4-6 times| 7-10 times| More than 10 times| 20| 22| 5| 3| Q 11. If you are an alcohol consumer,then at the time of consuming alcohol do you consume soft drinks also for making the taste of alcohol better? a. Yes b. No c. Sometimes Yes| No| Sometimes| 8| 5| 6| Q 12. Do you store soft drink at the refrigerator of your home? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 33| 17| Q 13. According to you what is the main USP of the soft drinks available in the market? a. Less costly than other drinks b. Taste c. Availability d. More refreshing Less costly than other drinks| Taste| Availability| More refreshing than other drinks| 4| 39| 0| 7| Q 14. Do you feel that inspite of using artificial flavours soft drink companies should go for natural flavours? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 21| 18| 11| Q 15. How do you rate the promotional strategies used by the soft drink companies? 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| | | | | | 2| 12| 15| 19| 2| CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS DATA ANALYSIS CROSS TABULATION,GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION AND INFERENCE QUESTIONNAIRE Q 1. Do you like to have soft drinks? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 42| 8| Interpretation Since the survey is done among the youth,from the statistics we can say that consumption of soft drink is very popular among youth. Q 2. Do you think that soft drinks that are available in the market are harmful for your health ? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 29| 21|. Interpretation Out of 50 people 21 people think that having soft drinks is harmful for their health. Inspite of that most of them consume soft drinks. Q 3. Do you think that soft drinks are good for refreshment? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 37| 13| Interpretation Most number of people feel that soft drinks are good for refreshment. Q 4. Which is your favourite flavour? a. Cola b. Orange c. Mango d. Lemon e. Others Cola| Orange| Mango| Lemon| Others| 26| 10| 10| 4| 0| Interpretation Majority of the people prefer to have cola. Q 5. Are you satisfied with the price of your favourite soft drink? a. Satisfied b. Highly Satisfied c. Dissatisfied d. Highly dissatisfied Satisfied| Highly satisfied| Dissatisfied| Highly dissatisfied| 21| 29| 0| 0| Interpretation There is no dissatisfaction among the consumer regarding the price of the soft drinks. Q 6. Are you influnenced by the advertisement given by your favourite soft drink company? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 24| 19| 7| Interpretation Most of the people are influenced by the advertisement given by the companies. So we can say that advertisement plays a major role in influencing soft drinks consumer. Q 7. Do you think that endorsement by the celebrities can increase the sell of the soft drinks? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 28| 7| 15| Interpretation Majority of the people are influenced by the celebrity endorsement Q 8. Is your favourite soft drink available in all/most of the retail store in your city? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 39| 11| Interpretation Since most of the people’s favourite soft drinks are available throughout their city,we can assume that distribution system of those companies are quite good. Though in some cases better distribution is required. Q 9. Do you feel that soft drinks should contain less calories so that those can be taken by the diabatese patients also? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 32| 18| Interpretation Most of the people are satisfied with the calory level in the soft drinks. Though some people want less calories. Q 10. How many times in a week you go for soft drinks? a. 0-3 times b. 4-6 times c. 7-10 times d. More than 10 times 0-3 times| 4-6 times| 7-10 times| More than 10 times| 20| 22| 5| 3| Interpretation Majority of the people consume at least 4-6 times in a week. So we can assume that high demand for soft drink is there. Q 11. If you are an alcohol consumer,then at the time of consuming alcohol do you consume soft drinks also for making the taste of alcohol better? a. Yes b. No c. Sometimes Yes| No| Sometimes| 8| 5| 6| Interpretation There exists a derived consumption of soft drinks. Q 12. Do you store soft drink at the refrigerator of your home? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 33| 17| Interpretation Now a days most of the people store soft drinks in their home. So we can assume that the popularity of consuming soft drinks is increasing day by day. Q 13. According to you what is the main USP of the soft drinks available in the market? a. Less costly than other drinks b. Taste c. Availability d. More refreshing Less costly than other drinks| Taste| Availability| More refreshing than other drinks| 4| 39| 0| 7| Interpretation Majority of the people consume soft drinks because of it’s taste. Price doesn’t matter that much to them. Q 14. Do you feel that inspite of using artificial flavours soft drink companies should go for natural flavours? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 21| 18| 11| Interpretation Most of the people feels that natural flavours would be better than the artificial/synthetic flavours. Q 15. How do you rate the promotional strategies used by the soft drink companies? 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| | | | | | 2| 12| 15| 19| 2| Interpretation Majority of the consumer are very much satisfied by the promotions being done by the companies. CHAPTER 5 FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FINDINGS * Most of the consumers are influenced by those brands which represents their characteristics. In this case we have found that cola drinks are preffered by most of the boys,since those drinks are stronger than other drinks and most of the girls preffer to have orange and mango flavoured drinks as those are mild in taste compare to the cola drinks. * Most of the consumers are influenced by those brands which are being endorsed by the celebrities. * Promotion plays a very important role in case of increasing the sell,penetrate the market and holding the current market share. RECOMMENDATIONS * Now a days consumers are becoming health conscious. So keeping that in mind,companies should think about using natural flavours in spite of those synthetic ones. * To increase the market share companies should think about the people like diabatese patients also as they cannot consume high calories. Though some companies are manufacturing diet soft drinks but they are very few in numbers. CONCLUSION * From the survey it can be conclude that majority of the consumer like to purchase cola , flavor. * Consumers like to purchase soft drinks because of refreshments * In this scenario consumer buying behaviour is changed, because they are more health conscious . REFERENCES * http://www. helium. com/items/656129-consumer-buying-behavior-and-market-segmen tation * http://sbinformation. about. com/od/advertisingpr/a/behavior. htm * http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/19593/marketing_factors_consumer_buying_behavior. html? cat=35 * † http://www. WorldThinkTank. net/wttbbs/†. * http://ideas. repec.org/a/aea/jecper/v23y2009i2p99-120. html * http://www. livemint. com/2008/12/24222258/Buying-behaviour-Indian-consu. html * www. google. co. in * www. yahoo. co. in ANNEXURE QUESTIONNAIRE Q 1. Do you like to have soft drinks? a. Yes b. No Q 2. Do you think that soft drinks that are available in the market are harmful for your health ? a. Yes b. No Q 3. Do you think that soft drinks are good for refreshment? a. Yes b. No Q 4. Which is your favourite flavour? a. Cola b. Orange c. Mango d. Lemon e. Others Q 5. Are you satisfied with the price of your favourite soft drink? a. Satisfied b. Highly Satisfied c. Dissatisfied d. Highly dissatisfied Q 6. Are you influnenced by the advertisement given by your favourite soft drink company? a. Yes b. No c. May be Q 7. Do you think that endorsement by the celebrities can increase the sell of the soft drinks? a. Yes b. No c. May be Q 8. Is your favourite soft drink available in all/most of the retail store in your city? a. Yes b. No Q 9. Do you feel that soft drinks should contain less calories so that those can be taken by the diabatese patients also? a. Yes b. No Q 10. How many times in a week you go for soft drinks? a. 0-3 times b. 4-6 times c. 7-10 times d. More than 10 times Q 11. If you are an alcohol consumer,then at the time of consuming alcohol do you consume soft drinks also for making the taste of alcohol better? a. Yes b. No c. Sometimes Q 12. Do you store soft drink at the refrigerator of your home? a. Yes b. No Q 13. According to you what is the main USP of the soft drinks available in the market? a. Less costly than other drinks b. Taste c. Availability d. More refreshing Q 14. Do you feel that inspite of using artificial flavours soft drink companies should go for natural flavours? a. Yes b. No c. May be Q 15. How do you rate the promotional strategies used by the soft drink companies?

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Germany n Hitler essays

Germany n Hitler essays The 1920's and early 1930's found Germany unstable socially economically and politically. The government was more often in a state of disarray than not, the populace was disillusioned and scared, and the Great Wall Street stock markets crash of 1923 saw the economy crumble before the population's eyes. These unfavorable factors combined to create a nation of precarious stature, a country which was looking for a savior. This came in the form of fascism, an ideology in which the individual is dominated by an all-powerful state under the control of one supreme leader. The hand to lead the people of Germany out of all the problems and deceptions of these terrible times was Adolph Hitler, fascist dominator. These difficulties gave Hitler and the Nazi party the opportunity to employ their propaganda skills to capture this disenchanted nation and win their hearts, but more importantly, to manipulate their minds. By the mid 1920's Adolph Hitler was the undisputed leader of the Nazi Party. Much of Hitler's success as a politician during his pilgrimage to higher power in Germany was due to his powerful and dominating personality. A master orator, not only was Hitler a charismatic speaker, but his public speaking was so passionate and dynamic that the crowds would be driven wild with enthusiasm of the ideas he preached. Hitler's devoted oratory often made vague promises while avoiding the details, by using simple catch phrases, repeated over and over. Hitler's dominance and authoritarian nature was a much-needed change for the people of Germany, following the indecisive and so often unsuccessful muddling of the Weimar government and its predecessors. The Spartacist rising of 1919 was an early political factor that encouraged the initial success of Hitler during the rise of fascism in Germany during the 1920's. January 5th 1919 saw an unprepared and badly staged Spartacist putsch, where the communist's led by 'Red Rosa' Luxembourg, capt...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Yevtushenkos Babi Yar Essays - The Holocaust In Ukraine, Free Essays

Yevtushenkos Babi Yar Essays - The Holocaust In Ukraine, Free Essays Yevtushenko's Babi Yar Babi Yar, a poem written by Yevgeny Yevtushenko, tells the story of the Nazi invasion into a small part of Russia, in which, throughout the duration of World War II, over one-hundred thousand Jews, Gypsies and Russian POW's were brutally murdered. However, what is unique about this particular perspective is that the narrator is not a Jew, but a mere observer who is aghast at the atrocities that took place during the Holocaust. It is through allusions, as well as other literary devices, that Yevtushenko elucidates caustically the absurdities of the hatred that caused the Holocaust, in addition to the narrator's identification with the Jews and their history of oppression. Perhaps, the most effective literary device used in "Babi Yar" is the allusion. The first clear allusion seen in the poem is the one concerning Egypt(line 6). This reference harks back to the Jews' enslavement in Egypt before they become a nation. In line 7, the narrator makes reference to how so many Jews perished on the cross. The reason for these initial allusions in the first section is clear. Yevtushenko is establishing the history of the Jewish people, being one of oppression, prejudice, and innocent victims. The next illusion in the poem is a reference to the Dreyfus Affair, a more modern display of irrational and avid anti-Semitism. It is in the Dreyfus affair that an innocent man is accused of espionage and is sent to jail for more than ten years, notwithezding an overwhelming amount of evidence pointing to his innocence, simply because he is a Jew. Yevtushenko uses these allusions to lead up to his referral to a boy in Bielostok who is murdered by the Russian common-folk. Clearly, The narrator is teaching a lesson with a dual message. Firstly, he is informing the reader of the horrors that took place in Russia during the Holocaust. Perhaps even more of a travesty, however, is the fact that humankind has not learned from the past in light of the fact that this "episode" is merely one link in a long chain of terrors. Yevtushenko goes on to allude to Anne Frank, a young Jewish teenager who left behind a diary of her thoughts and dreams, and how the Nazis strip her of any potential future she has when she is murdered in the death camps. Clearly, the allusion creates images in the mind of the reader that mere descriptions via the use of words could not. Another effective literary device used in the poem is the first person narrative in which the narrator identifies with those victims which he describes. This is seen in the case where the narrator says "I am Dreyfus", or "Anne Frank, I am she." The narrator does not claim to underezd what the feelings and thoughts of these people are, but rather, he is acknowledging the fact that they are feeling, "detested and denounced" and that unlike the rest of the world who turned its head, or the Russians who actually abetted such heinous crimes, this gentile narrator can not empathize, but does sympathize with his Jewish "brethren." Another extremely powerful device used by Yevtushenko is the detail of description and imagery used to describe events and feelings that are in both those whom he identifies with, as well as himself. "I bear the red mark of nails"(line 8) seems to include much of the suffering that the Jews have to endure. The statement is almost one of a reverse crucifixion in which the Jews are crucified and now have to suffer with false accusations, blood libels, and Pogroms for the duration of time. The poet describes very clearly the contempt most people have for the Jewish people and how many of these people aided in the barbarity . In line 13, for example, the poet speaks of "shrieking ladies in fine ruffled gowns" who "brandish their umbrellas in my face." In addition, Yevtushenko also depicts explicitly how the "tavern masters celebrate" at the sight of "(a Jewish boy's)blood spurt and spread over the floor." The contrast of age in "Babi Yar" is also quite effective. In the last three sections, the reader finds out that the narrator is remembering the past, mourning those who have perished.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

How to Use the French Expression Cest la Vie

How to Use the French Expression Cest la Vie The very old, very common French idiomatic expression Cest la vie,  pronounced  say la vee, has been around the world and back as a mainstay in dozens of cultures. In France, its still used in the same sense as always, as a sort of restrained, slightly fatalistic lamentation that this is how life is and theres not much you can do about it. It seems natural that this expression is often said with a shrug of the shoulders and a bemused, but furrowed brow. In English, it is translated as Thats life, and Such is life.  A vulgar slang equivalent in English would be Sh happens. Non-French Speakers Prefer the French Original The French Cest la vie, surprisingly,  is preferred in non-French cultures, and Cest la vie is used far more in English than in French. But  unlike many expressions  that English speakers have borrowed from French, the meaning is the same in both languages. Cest la vie,  even in English,  is a sad, Chaplin-esque acknowledgment  that something less than ideal must be accepted because thats just the way life is. Here is an exchange highlighting the fatalism inherent in this expression: Il a perdu son boulot et sa maison le mà ªme jour, tu te rends compte  ?   He lost his job and his home the same day. Can you imagine?Cest la vie !  Ã‚   Cest la vie! / Thats life! Variations on the Theme, Some Good, Some Not Cest la guerre Thats war. Cest la vie, cest la guerre, cest la pomme de terre. Thats life, thats war, thats the potato. (Only English speakers use this strange saying.) In French, Cest la vie can also be used non-fatalistically. As such,  the emphasis is on the  presentative cest introducing la vie and the idea that were talking about something thats essential to life or a particular way of life, as in:Leau, cest la vie.   Water is life. Cest la vie de famille qui me manque.   Its family life that I miss. Vivre dans le besoin, cest la vie dartiste.   Living in poverty is the life of an artist. Related Expressions Cest la vie de chà ¢teau (pourvu que à §a dure).   This is the good  life. Live it up (while it lasts). Cest la belle vie ! This is the life! La vie est dure ! Life is hard! Cest la bonne. Its the right one. Cest la  Bà ©rà ©zina. Its bitter defeat / a lost cause. La vie en rose Life through rose-colored glasses La  vie  nest  pas en rose. Life is not so beautiful. Cest  la  zone ! Its a pit here! Cest la vie, mon pauvre vieux  ! Thats life, my friend! Alternate Versions of Cest la Vie Bref, cest la vie ! Anyway, thats life! Cest  la  vie.  / Cest  comme cela. /  La  vie  est  ainsi faite. Life is life. Cest  la  vie.  / On ny peut rien. / Cest  comme à §a.   Ã‚  Thats the way the ball bounces. / Thats the way the cookie crumbles Examples of Usage Je sais que cest frustrant, mais  cest la vie.​   I know it is frustrating, but thats life.   C’est la vie, c’est de la comà ©die et c’est aussi du cinà ©ma.  Ã‚  Thats life, thats comedy, and thats  cinema, too. Alors il ny a rien faire. Cest la vie! Theres nothing to be done then. Cest la vie!

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Analysis of company (Netflix) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analysis of company (Netflix) - Coursework Example The company was established in 1997 by Reed Hastings. Its headquarters are located in Los Gatos, California. The organization offers proprietary recommendations and merchandising services that aid the subscribers to choose from the extensive digital title library. The company’s mission is becoming an early novel technology adapter that will satisfy consumers’ exact wants. The vision of the organization is to endeavors to be the best international entertainment distribution service. It also wants to; generate accessible markets particularly, to filmmakers; license entertainment content globally; and assist content creators globally to find an international audience. Currently, to achieve its vision, Netflix Inc. applies an extensive differentiation strategy. The differentiation was established through reducing the general prices of renting DVDs, improving customer satisfaction, providing all-inclusive customer service and constantly innovating throughout the years (Resea rch and Markets 2012, n.p) . PART 1: EXTERNAL ANALYSIS The purpose of this section is to analyse the external environment of the company. This includes the macro environment, the industry analysis, and SWOT analysis. 1.1 Macro-Environmental Analysis Like other organizations in the industry of movie rentals, Netflix is cause to experience technological, social, economic, and political macro-environmental factors. Political and Legal factors – with regard to these facets, the company could be influenced through altering laws relating to copyrights of some content types, for instance television and movie shows that Netflix depends on to offer the clients (Krengel et al. 2010, p. 23). Economic factors – To sustain a competitive advantage, Netflix is compelled to price aggressively against competitors. The Company maneuvers in an industry that depends principally on the consumer’s disposable income. If economic increase were to dwindle, while there was a negative inf luence of the consumers’ purchasing power, the organizations in the industry would experience the negative impacts of the reduced purchasing power first. Social factors – The Company depends on the movie popularity among the target market segments. The consumption becomes less popular among the older demographic as the average population age continues to become older. This leads to negative influence of the business. Business could be negatively influenced if the online movie consumption became un-preferred among large population segments. Technological factors – Technologically, since Netflix is an internet-based company, it must compete with the continuously evolving internet, since the industry progresses toward online consumptions (May 2010, p. 21). 1.2 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS: Porter’s Five Forces Rivalry among Organisations Direct rivals threaten the task environment of Netflix. Exclusive content contracts present as a threat to the company’s task environment. This presents as a constriction for the Netflix access to particular content (Thompson & Martin 2010, p. 92). Entry of Novel Competitors Entry of novel of

Friday, October 18, 2019

Finish homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Finish homework - Assignment Example This essay is a rhetorical analysis of the 2013 documentary,Blackfish. Production of the documentary Blackfish intended to show the dangers of placing in captivity of clever and emotional creatures such as whales. To achieve this, Blackfish shows a series of mistreatments of whales in captivity in various performing parks around the world, concentrating on the devastating incidents that led to the death of four people. This documentary mainly uses a killer whale known as Tilikum due to his involvement in three of the four deaths. Since Tilikum cannot tell the story, a collection of former orca trainers particularly those who worked with Tilikum are used. The use of orca trainers as the narrators, places their stories above those of Tilikum. This way, Blackfish turns out to be a narrative with two main points. The first point is that the idea of keeping killer whales in captivity is wrong and the second point is that the abuse of whales by fellow whales whiles in captivity maybe the reason some of them become hostile. Blackfish director Gabriela Cowperthwaite excelled in this documentary particularly the perfect visual work. The documentary uses skilled cinematography to blend interviews with actual shots of the animals and parks, and the occasional pieces of created shots for instance the animations employed in presentation of courtroom transcriptions. This makes Blackfish a stunning work of visual art that most people will enjoy watching and since it provides fresh content in a rare form of cinematography. The soundtrack by Jeff Beal in this documentary greatly improves the visual power of the film by heightening the documentary’s emotional thrust. This masterful soundtrack therefore, helps the documentary in successful manipulation of the audience’s emotions. Blackfish however fails to align its ideas in a manner that clearly

Sustainability and Transational Business Ethics Essay

Sustainability and Transational Business Ethics - Essay Example As a matter of fact, it is as a direct result of global concern over enhanced pollution that this term is becoming more and more relevant. (1) In fact, it was the US and the UK, with their norms of environmentalism, who were the pioneers, with regard to adherence to principles of sustainable development. This term (sustainable development) emphatically states that issues of environment are a highly important part of all cultural, social and economic interactions. The all-important aspect of sustainable development maintains that, manner of production and consumption needs to be modified. This is to make sure that environmental norms are not compromised upon. Likewise, it is equally essential that there is a change in the pattern of all cultural, social and economic relationships, lest the requirements of sustainable development are unmet. ... (1) Globalization and sustainability – Review of Literature and Other Studies It would now very much be appropriate to be succinctly reviewing some literature and researches, which emphasize on the fact that sustainability is indeed a vital element in the contemporary business ethics. In the book â€Å"Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the age of Globalization† the authors Andrew Crane and Dirk Matten elaborate on the vital aspects of sustainability, corporate citizenship and globalization. The book comprehensively enumerates on business ethics, from the point of view of globalization. Using some real instances as the basis, the authors argue that the modern-day business ethics do have sustainability as their integral feature. By highlighting things such as Middle East military companies and the UK’s sector of Islamic Finance, the authors stress that present-day business ethics are strongly linked with globalization. In fact, t his book provides details of several key topics like water, climate change and social enterprise, to cite a few. Crane and Matten also speak about the necessity of being an ideal corporate citizen, as well as the pattern in which this can be achieved. (2) The work â€Å"The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility†, which has been penned down by Andrew Crane, Abagail McWilliams, Dirk Matten, Jeremy Moon and Donald S. Siegel, includes several essays on the crucial topic of corporate social responsibility. These essays throw light on the fact that the definition of this term (corporate social responsibility) has undergone a drastic change, on account of globalization. Corporate organizations are now entailed to aptly address several social

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Instructional Strategies for ELL Classrooms Essay

Instructional Strategies for ELL Classrooms - Essay Example With input, the focus should be on the student and the extent to which he understands (Gass et al 1994). Researchers admit that nonuse takes place when the information contained in the input is included into a learner's grammar. However, the fact that the information is already included into a grammar does not necessarily exclude it from being utilized--although it may be used in a different way from what one normally thinks of. When the information contained in the input is already a part of one's knowledge base, the additional input might be used for rule strengthening or hypothesis reconfirmation. Part of becoming a fluent speaker of a second language involves the automatic retrieval of information from one's knowledge base. The knowledge base is developed through practice or repeated exposure to exemplars. Thus, information that may appear redundant may be serving an important purpose in terms of the access the learner has to that information (Jonassen and Hannum 1998). 2. Feedback is important technique in learning because it helps a student to understand his mistakes and correct them at once. Feedback should be supported by events such as motivating students, communicating the learning objectives, directing students' attention, activating related knowledge, providing guidance, promoting transfer (generalization), eliciting performance, and providing feedback. The teachers' statements, which are spontaneous and oral, are more difficult to categorize than the written statements of the authors. The content and grammar of the teachers' statements were less structured and precise than those of the authors. On-going, specific and immediate feedback helps teachers to save time and direct learning process. Feedback encourages students to uimprove. Several analogies constructed for the same concept can help the students view the target concept from different perspectives. The analogies function like conceptual lenses, with each one bringing different feat ures of the concept into sharper focus (Kitajima and Polson 1997). Teachers also are encouraged to use the model to construct additional analogies to complement an author's analogy. Several analogies constructed for the same concept can help the students view the target concept from different perspectives. The analogies function like conceptual lenses, with each one bringing different features of the concept into sharper focus. During normal or stable times, scientific activities turn to the refinement of established knowledge claims. But the review of historical documents and actual practice of scientists revealed that there are also times when members of a scientific community are in disagreement about what are the appropriate background knowledge and critical problems that should guide the design of investigations and the evaluation of evidence and knowledge claims (Gass et al 1994). 3. Taken together, instructional steps are a direct outcome of teacher assessment decisions that begin to alter the dynamics of the classroom learning environment. The public expression of what matters and what is valued begins to change. As students learn the criteria, they not only learn the rules of the game in the classroom, they also learn what is valued in the scientific discipline (Manouchehri 2001). Other models include having students work in pairs or small groups to come to a consensus view through

The Automobile Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Automobile Industry - Assignment Example BMW began off as a manufacturer of aircraft engines. In the year 1918 following the end of World War 1, the Versailles Armistice Treaty forced the company to cease the business of aircraft engine production. It thus changed the line of business to start producing motorcycles in the year 1923, and later automobiles in 1928 when the treaty’s restrictions began to be lifted. The very first car successfully produced by BMW and which actually propelled the company’s automobile business was known as Dixie. It debarked again to the production of engines for aircraft in the 1930s producing engines such as BMW 132, BMW 801 and BMW 003. The Quandt family has since the year 1959 owned a controlling stake of 46% of the company’s stock and the rest is public. BMW bought Has Glas Company in the 1966 and in 1992 acquired a controlling stake in Designworks USA and went on to fully acquire the company in 1995. BMW also acquired the Rover Group for six years and sold the group off to the Phoenix Consortium as it was making losses. It retained the rights of building the new Mini brand which entered the market in 2001. The company’s long-serving lead designer Chris Bangle left in 2009 and his place was taken by Adrian Van Hooydonk. BMW bought the Husqvarna Motorcycles. In 2012 Bavaria Motor Works was listed by Forbes as world’s most reputable company. The Forbes ranking system bases a lot on the willingness of people to buy, invest in, work for and recommend the firm to others. 60% of the Forbes raking points is driven by the perception of people about the company while 40% is the perception of the company’s products. Specializing in the production of automobiles, the BMW Group has earned itself brand recognition as the worlds most successful. The group runs with three major brands, MINI, BMW and Rolls-Royce all of which are targeted for different market segments. The company has for a long time continued to be among the major players in luxury automobile section and registering consistent sales growth even with the crisis in the European markets.  

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Instructional Strategies for ELL Classrooms Essay

Instructional Strategies for ELL Classrooms - Essay Example With input, the focus should be on the student and the extent to which he understands (Gass et al 1994). Researchers admit that nonuse takes place when the information contained in the input is included into a learner's grammar. However, the fact that the information is already included into a grammar does not necessarily exclude it from being utilized--although it may be used in a different way from what one normally thinks of. When the information contained in the input is already a part of one's knowledge base, the additional input might be used for rule strengthening or hypothesis reconfirmation. Part of becoming a fluent speaker of a second language involves the automatic retrieval of information from one's knowledge base. The knowledge base is developed through practice or repeated exposure to exemplars. Thus, information that may appear redundant may be serving an important purpose in terms of the access the learner has to that information (Jonassen and Hannum 1998). 2. Feedback is important technique in learning because it helps a student to understand his mistakes and correct them at once. Feedback should be supported by events such as motivating students, communicating the learning objectives, directing students' attention, activating related knowledge, providing guidance, promoting transfer (generalization), eliciting performance, and providing feedback. The teachers' statements, which are spontaneous and oral, are more difficult to categorize than the written statements of the authors. The content and grammar of the teachers' statements were less structured and precise than those of the authors. On-going, specific and immediate feedback helps teachers to save time and direct learning process. Feedback encourages students to uimprove. Several analogies constructed for the same concept can help the students view the target concept from different perspectives. The analogies function like conceptual lenses, with each one bringing different feat ures of the concept into sharper focus (Kitajima and Polson 1997). Teachers also are encouraged to use the model to construct additional analogies to complement an author's analogy. Several analogies constructed for the same concept can help the students view the target concept from different perspectives. The analogies function like conceptual lenses, with each one bringing different features of the concept into sharper focus. During normal or stable times, scientific activities turn to the refinement of established knowledge claims. But the review of historical documents and actual practice of scientists revealed that there are also times when members of a scientific community are in disagreement about what are the appropriate background knowledge and critical problems that should guide the design of investigations and the evaluation of evidence and knowledge claims (Gass et al 1994). 3. Taken together, instructional steps are a direct outcome of teacher assessment decisions that begin to alter the dynamics of the classroom learning environment. The public expression of what matters and what is valued begins to change. As students learn the criteria, they not only learn the rules of the game in the classroom, they also learn what is valued in the scientific discipline (Manouchehri 2001). Other models include having students work in pairs or small groups to come to a consensus view through

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Supply Chain Management of HP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supply Chain Management of HP - Assignment Example The total integrated inventories with the global retailers had adopted by the organization corresponds to the rapid response model established by Towill and Christopher (2002). Consequently, the predictable demand model may be applied in the incorporated system adopted by the HP. Analysis and Findings Depending upon the basic assumptions that demand is either volatile or predictable, the product is either special or standard; supply lead times can either be short or long(Christopher &Towill, 2002, p.1).These assumptions can and are all applicable to the global supply market. Towill and Christopher (2002) had induced eight possibilities for the supply chain based on the product, lead times, and demand (p. 10). Furthermore, these specified characteristics are coherent to the critical mathematical combination formulae associated with the number of several possibilities in order to combine three sets of two elements. The analysis of these possibilities, in respect with cost-effectiveness and agility, Towill and Christopher (2002) had concluded that the representativeness of three pipelines such as agile pipeline, quick response pipeline, and lean pipeline model as the supply chain management tools (pp.9-11). Agile Pipeline Model Considering the agile pipeline model, agility can be referred as the business-wide capability that can embrace the organizational structure, logistic process, and information system and business process mindset (Christopher &Towill, 2002, p. 8).Not to mention, that the major characteristic of an agile organization is its flexibility in business operations. Implementation of this process can bring flexibility in the manufacturing process through significant automation (Christopher &Towill, 2002, p. 8). Therefore, this will help to initiate a rapid change process in the supply chain management process of HP; additionally, the concept of production flexibility was enlarged into the wider business context. Plus, it is recommended that HP should organize an orientation program to implement the concept of agility significantly. Lean Pipeline Model Implementation of the lean pipeline model in business process will help HP to focus on the reduction or elimination of solid waste. Moreover, it will help to maximize the supply chain efficiency through the level scheduling. Leanness can be referred to as the agile element in several circumstances (Christopher &Towill, 2002, p.8). Generally, several leading organizations around the globe use these approaches collaboratively to meet the customers’ needs rapidly. Both the lean and agile philosophies play an important role in enabling customized pipelines (Christopher & Towill, 2002, p.8). These are efficient low-cost processes that can optimize the materials and product flow of HP in an effective way.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Racial Formation Essay Example for Free

Racial Formation Essay Quitting smoking is proven to be a task that is not easy to accomplish. The average number of quitting attempts that majority of smokers try in their lifetime varies from 6 to 9 times (Pfizer, Inc. , 2007). The smoking cessation attempts are often not successful because of faulty methodologies used in the endeavor. Majority of smoker’s efforts to quit are without usage of medical drugs. Thus, the meager success rates of only 3 to 5 percent of the total yearly attempts. The availability of products like bupropion hydrochloride, nortriptyline hydrochloride, and nicotine replacement drugs manifests only modest accomplishments (Nides et al. , 2006). In line with this dilemma, a drug was manufactured to aide smokers in their quitting venture with a step-by-step technique. This drug which is manufactured by Pfizer, Inc. is known for its brand name Chantix ® but its generic name is varenicline tartrate. This drug was manufactured to offer an effective support for smokers that want to quit this vice. Drug specifics and mode of action Varenicline tartrate, the tartrate salt form of varenicline, posses the chemical name 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,10-methano-6H-pyrazino[2,3-h][3]benzazepine, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy- butanedioate (1:1). This substance which is the active ingredient of Chantix ® remarkably dissolves in water and has a white to slightly yellow color when in powered form. Varenicline has the molecular formula C13H13N3†¢C4H6O6 (RxList, Inc. , 2009). This drug is a non-nicotinic drug that targets the ? 4? 2 nicotinic receptor in the brain. It acts through blockage of nicotine from attaching to the ? 4? 2 nicotinic receptor. These receptors are the same target of nicotine, a substance present in cigarette. The binding of nicotine with the ? 4? 2 nicotinic receptors after the smoker inhales cigarette smoke conveys a message to a specific part in the brain to discharge dopamine, the substance responsible for creating the pleasure feeling. The addiction to cigarette smoking is due to short duration nature of the pleasurable feeling that is created by dopamine. The body yearns for more nicotine so that a simulation of the pleasurable feeling occurs again and again. Since varenicline prevents the binding of nicotine with its brain receptors; the intake of this drug will erase the feeling of pleasure that a person experiences every time cigarette is smoked. Therefore, quitting of smoking is easier along with intake of varenicline because the act of smoking does not bring the good feeling anymore (Coe et al. 2005). Another positive attribute of varenicline is its capacity to decrease the smoking withdrawal signs through its interaction with the dopamine receptors. This interaction results in the discharge of the hormones that allows the individual to feel pleasure or â€Å"feel-good† hormones (Bullock, 2007). Thus, during varenicline medication the smoker will not experience the terrible withdrawal symptoms because high amounts of â€Å"feel-good† hormones are distributed in his or her blood. Precautions and side effects The adverse reactions associated with the intake of varenicline are: dizziness; nausea; headache; fatigue; behavioral changes like depression and crankiness; boosted appetite; vomiting; decreased bowel motility; flatulence; and, sleeping problems. This drug can not be taken along with cimetidine because the latter will amplify varenicline levels in the plasma. Insulin; blood thinners like warfarin or coumadin; and theophylline are other therapeutic medicines prohibited during varenicline medication (â€Å"MSN health and fitness†). Precautions that need to be observed during varenicline medication are: consultation with a physician about the proper dosage and duration of therapy; monitoring of behavioral changes during the medication period; this drug is not good for individuals whom are below 18 years old, pregnant, and breast feeding mothers; the intake of this drug may also alter the performance of specialized tasks; and, medication should be after food ingestion (MIMS, 2009). Further precautions indicated in the use of this drug are: non- usage among people with history of mental disease and kidney problems; compliance with proper dosage prescribed by the doctor; and, observance of prescription label (â€Å"MSN health and fitness†). Efficacy of varenicline therapy According to its manufacturer, varenicline medication has the smoking quitting success rate of 44 percent while sugar pills only have 18 percent efficacy (Pfizer, Inc. , 2007). In a study conducted by Nides et al. (2006) comparing varenicline with bupropion a significantly higher success rate among varenicline medicated subjects was observed. The efficacy of this drug in the said study was 21. 9 percent, whereas, bupropion only had 16. 1 percent. Another study which proves the capacity of this drug to increase the success rate of smoking cessation is that one done by Cahill et al. (2007). It is noted in the said study that varenicline triples the achievement of smoking termination as compared to those who are medicated with antidepressants or had no medications at all. Issues on varenicline medication Among the issues that are coupled with the medication of varenicline are the harsh side effects like hallucinations and the alterations in the perception of joy. A varenicline medicated individual reported that during his therapy with varenicline he experienced intense hallucinations as well as alterations in his fulfillment after activities that can supposedly make an individual happy. Given examples of the activities he can’t find pleasure anymore were: writing, exercising, self-stimulation tricks, and socialization (Cloud, 2009). Another issue with varenicline medication is the suicidal inclination of individuals taking this drug. There are reports of individuals having suicide thoughts and committing suicides that are attributed to the intake of varenicline as a therapeutic aide for smoking cessation. This drug is also accounted to amplify psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These reports were already reported to FDA thus the advice of this agency to take tremendous caution when prescribing and taking varenicline (FDA, 2007). Biochemical Pathway The maximum plasma concentration of varenicline is attained 3 – 4 hours post oral intake of the drug. This drug’s bioavailability is high after oral intake and is not altered by the dosing time and the presence or absence of food. Varenicline though has a plasma protein binding that is below or equal to 20 percent. It takes an estimate of 24 hours for the half-life elimination of this drug to take place and negligible metabolism was observed (RxList, Inc. , 2009). Conclusion Despite the side effects that are said to be attributed to the administration of varenicline, this drug’s efficacy as a smoking cessation aide remains to be unaffected. Almost all of the available drugs have side effects thus it is not alarming for varenicline to also have some side effects. That is why precautions are available to eliminate the occurrence of most of a drug’s side effects. The proper observance of all the precautions indicated for this drug ensures that the person undergoing varenicline therapy and smoking cessation endeavor will have no health problems attributable to the medication. The weight of support that this drug can lend to the smokers who are trying to leave their deadly vice (smoking) is significantly higher as compared to the risks of side effects manifestation during the therapeutic period. Thus, cessation of smoking can be made easier through the aide of varenicline tartrate (Chantix ® ). Reference List Bullock, Carole. (2007). Smokers get a kick from varenicline; new research finds drug triples quit rate. Heartwire. Retrieved March 25, 2009 from http://www.theheart. org/article/768455. do Cloud, John. (2009). Can One Drug Cure Addiction to Another? Time, Inc. Retrieved March 26, 2009 from http://www. time. com/time/health/article/0,8599,1883588,00. html? xid=rss-fullhealthsci-yahoo Coe JW, Brooks PR, Vetelino MG, Wirtz MC, Arnold EP, Huang J, Sands SB, Davis TI, Lebel LA, Fox CB, Shrikhande A, Heym JH, Schaeffer E, Rollema H, Lu Y, Mansbach RS, Chambers LK, Rovetti CC, Schulz DW, Tingley FD 3rd, ONeill BT. (2005). Varenicline: An ? 4? 2 Nicotinic Receptor Partial Agonist for Smoking Cessation. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 48(10), 3474-3477. U. S. Food and Drug Administration, (FDA). (2007). Early Communication About an Ongoing Safety Review Varenicline (marketed as Chantix). Retrieved March 26, 2009 from http://www. fda. gov/Cder/Drug/early_comm/varenicline. htm MIMS. (2009) Varenicline. Retrieved March 25, 2009 from http://www. mims. com/Page. aspx? menuid=mngname=vareniclinegenmono=true â€Å"MSN health and fitness† (2008). Varenicline. Center Multum, Inc. Retrieved March 25, 2009 from http://health. msn. com/medications/articlepage. aspx? cp-documentid=100160707 Nides, M. , Oncken, C. , Gonzales, D. , Rennard, S. , Watsky, E. J. , Anziano, R. , and Reeves, K. R. (2006). Smoking Cessation with Varenicline, a Selective an ? 4? 2 Nicotinic Receptor Partial Agonist. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166. Retrieved March 25, 2009 from http://archinte. ama-assn. org/cgi/reprint/166/15/1561

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Contemporary Issues in Criminology

Contemporary Issues in Criminology Critically discuss its theoretical underpinnings and evaluate whether this theoretical approach serves as a useful explanation of criminal behavior in modern Britain. The idea of cultural criminology indicates both exact viewpoints and extensive orientations that have come forward in criminology, sociology, and criminal justice over the past few years. More distinctively, cultural criminology stands for a perception performed by Ferrell Sanders (1995), and equally in employment by Redhead (1995) and others (Kane 1998) interlinks prà ©cised academic threads to discover the meeting of cultural and criminal procedures in current social life. Cultural criminology sees the sights of the numerous traditions in which cultural dynamics interlink with the performances of crime and crime control in contemporary social arrangement; put in a different way, cultural criminology lays emphasis on the centrality of meaning and demonstration in the structure of crime as temporary occasion, sub cultural effort, and social issue. From this view, the suitable topic material of criminology goes beyond traditional ideas of crime and crime causation to contain images of illegal behavior and representative displays of law enforcement; accepted culture constructions of crime and criminal act; and the mutual sentiment that animate criminal events, awareness of criminal risk, and public labors at crime control. This widespread cultural focal point, cultural criminologists argue, permits academics and the public identical to better appreciate crime as significant human activity, and to break through more intensely the contested politics of crime control. At a basic stage cultural criminology incorporates in this way the imminent of sociological criminology with the directions on the way to the representation and mode accessible by the field of cultural studies. Inside this extensive union of the criminological and the cultural, though, cultural criminology has come out from a quite more multifaceted co-evolution of sociology, criminology, and cultural analysis. An essential first point in this emergence is the job of academics related with the Birmingham School of cultural studies, the National Deviancy Conference, and the â€Å"new criminology† in Great Britain throughout the 1970s. Reconceptualizing the character of modern power, these academics discovered the cultural and ideological extents of social class, observed relaxation worlds and prohibited subcultures as sites of stylized conflict and alternative sense, and investigated the mediated ideologies motivating social and lawful control. Any regulation that is living and affluent is a topic to ordinary processes of regeneration and refreshment. Criminology is the alike. It has had its humanist Marxist, feminist, and rationalist, between other reappearances and is presently bein g delighted to one more ‘paradigm shift’ in the shape of a self-styled ‘cultural criminology’. A current unique issue is Theoretical Criminology (2004), which was dedicated to the appearance and predictions of this new kid on the rational block. According to Hayward and Young’s opening essay of the particular topic, cultural criminology is: ‘the placing of crime and its control in the background of culture; that is, observing both crime and the organization of control as cultural products –as inspired creations. (Hayward and Young 2004: 259). The latest criminology’s focal point on top of all on the method in which human actors generate meaning and try to find to use this diagnostic focal point to discover the attractions of disobedience or rule contravention activity (ibid.: 260, 266). Casting its academic custom back to 1960’s radicalism and the concentration to strangers and unusual subcultures towards which that radical ism leaned in criminological job. Certainly cultural criminology describes it self as, and revels in, working ‘at the edges of ‘conventional criminology, for two purposes, firstly, because ‘it is here, in these forgotten gaps that the feature of crime so often opens out, and secondly for the reason that conventional criminology is conquered by ‘managerial rationalization and statistical difficulty. Certainly, whether criminology actually does present a new rational attempt rather than a reasonable amplification of earlier work on unusual subcultures is it self arguable –admirable of a split paper and an appropriate chronological likeness. There are connections between crime and culture. Criminal behavior is, more regularly than not, subcultural behavior. From the interactionist criminology of the Chicago School and Edwin Sutherland to the subcultural theories of Cohen, Cloward and Ohlin, and others, criminologists have long accredited that events and i ndividualities named criminal are classically produced inside the limitations of unusual and criminal subcultures. In this sense, a lot of what we acquire to be crime is fundamentally communal behavior; whether carried out by one person or lots of; exacting criminal acts are habitually prepared within and initiated by subcultural crowd. Despite the fact that the limitations/boundaries may stay ill-defined, and the relationship may shift in unpleasant numbers and stage of assurance, these subcultures compose ultimate human links for those who partake in them. Biker, hustler, Blood and Crip, pimp and prostitute all name subcultural networks as much as individual personalities. Since Sutherland and the Chicago School identified a half century ago, and as immeasurable case studies have since established, criminal subcultures integrate way further than easy immediacies of private relationship. To have a word of a criminal subculture is to distinguish not only an organization of people, but a set of connections of symbols, denotation, and awareness. Components of a criminal subculture are taught and discuss â€Å"intentions, force, rationalizations, and attitudes; expand detailed conventions of language, look, and appearance of self; and in so doing contribute, to better or minor grades, in a subculture, a combined way of life. A large number of this subcultural meaning, exploit, personality, and condition is planned around style, that is, something like the common aesthetic of the subcultures members. As previous researchers have established, delicacies of cooperative style describe the sense of crime and deviance for subcultural contestantants, manager of legal control, clients of arbitrated crime descriptions, and others. If we are to understand both the terror and the plea of skinheads, Bloods and Crips, graffiti writers, zoot suiters, impolite boys, drug users, and others, we have to be able to make sense not only of their criminal acts, but of their group aesthetics as well. Katzs study, for instance, has related criminal acts and aesthetics by investigating the styles and symbolic meanings which appear inside the daily dynamics of criminal proceedings and criminal subcultures. By paying attention to dark sunglasses and white undershirts, to accurate styles of walking, talking, and if not introducing ones criminal character, Katz has outlined the alternative deviant culture, the coherent deviant ‘a ‘esthetic in which badasses, cholos, punks, youth gang members, and others take part. In these cases, as in other models of crime on and off the street, the significance of criminality is secured in the style of its collective performance. The bikers ritually rebuild motorbike, the gang members sports clothing and tattoos, the graffiti writers strange street pictures, and the skinheads aggressively challenging music compose the vital cultural and subcultural equipment out of which criminal schemes and criminal individuals are raised and demonstrated. For once more, contribution in a criminal subculture, or in the culture of crime, funds participation in the symbolism and style, the shared aesthetic atmosphere, of criminality. From earlier on labor within the British cultural studies tradition to Katz and more modern criminologists, studies have exposed that representation( symbolism) and style not only form criminal subcultures, but interlink with the wider social and official associations in which these subcultures are wedged. Criminal subcultures and their styles both breed out of class, age, gender, ethnic, and legal differences, and by turns duplicate and oppose these social mistake lines. And this interaction of subcultural style, difference, and power in turn reminds us of Beckers classic criminological command, that we must observe not only criminal subcultures, but the lawful and political authorities who build these subcultures as criminal. When we do, we find these authorities both acting in response to subcultural styles, and themselves utilizing symbolic and stylistic approaches of their own in opposition to them. The criminalization attempts of legal and political supporters show again the control of cultural forces; in criminalizing cultural and subcultural actions, and campaigning for communal support, ethical capitalists and legal auth orities influence legal and political structures, but conceivably more so structures of mass symbolism and perception. To appreciate the actuality of crime and criminalization, subsequently, a cultural criminology ought to report not only for the dynamics of criminal subcultures, but for the dynamics of the gathered media too. Nowadays, arbitrated pictures of crime and criminal violent behavior wash over us in wave after wave, and in so doing help form public insights and strategies in look upon crime. But obviously these modern cases constructed on prior arbitrated structures of crime and control. The criminalization of marijuana in the United States a half century ago was forecasted on an attempt to awaken the public to the threat dealing with it by means of `a didactic campaign recitations the drug, its recognition, and evil consequences. Forceful gang behavior and police attack on zoot suiters in the 1940s were assault by the increase of an unmistakably hostile symbol in Los Angeles newspapers. In the mid-1960s, shocking media reports of rape and assault placed the circumstance for a permissible campaign in opposition to the Hells Angels; and at approximately the matching time, lawful harassments on British mods and rockers were lawful throughout the medias consumption of sensitive symbols.† In the 1970s, the mutual relations amid the British mass media and criminal justice system formed a discernment that mugging was a terrifying new injures of crime. And throughout the 1980s and untimely 1990s, mediated horror legends justified wars on drugs, gangs, and graffiti in the United States, and shaped instants of mediated moral panic over child cruelty and child pornography in Great Britain. This development away from penal borders, this combination of conflicting scholarly viewpoints, this centered on positioned cultural dynamics, all naming prospects not only for a serious cultural criminology, but a kind of postmodern cultural criminology on top. Current social, feminist, and cultural speculations are increasingly moving further than penal restrictions and distinct classes to generate artificial, postmodern outlooks on social and cultural life. Despite the fact that patent by their assorted and different components, these perceptions allocate some wide-ranging thoughts, between them the concept that the on a daily basis culture of persons and groups integrates commanding and contradictory extent of style and sense. The symbolism and style of social interaction, the culture of everyday life, in this way materializes a contested political ground, representing samples of dissimilarity, supremacy, and opportunity. And these samples are in turn tangled with superior struct ures of mediated information and amusement, cultural manufacture and expenditure, and official and political authority. Seeing that the type of cultural criminology outlined here expands, it can incorporate criminology keen on these artificial lines of located inquest now rising under large captions like postmodernism and cultural studies. Cultural criminology therefore offers criminologists the chance to improve their own perceptions and perspectives on crime with approaching from other disciplines, whilst at the same time providing for their social group in cultural studies, the sociology of culture, media studies, and somewhere else priceless prospects on crime, criminalization, and their association to cultural and political procedures. Meandering or breaching the limitations of criminology in sort to create a cultural criminology in this sense destabilizes contemporary criminology less than it increases and enlivens it. Cultural criminology expands criminologys field to compris e worlds predictably measured external to it: gallery art, trendy music, media companies and texts, style. In the equal way, it institutes criminology into contemporary arguments over these worlds, and labels criminological points of view as crucial to them. The particular relations between culture and crime, and the wider relationship among criminology and contemporary social and cultural life, are both explained within cultural criminology. References: Ferrell J. (1999) Cultural Criminology, pages 395-418, Annual Review Of Sociology. Vol.25 http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol3is2/culture.html http://www.culturalcriminology.org/ O’ BRIEM, M. (2005) what is cultural about cultural criminology? British Journal Criminology, [Online] Available: URL: E:UniModulesWhat is Cultural About Cultural Criminology O’Brien 45 (5) 599 British Journal of Criminology.htm [1

Saturday, October 12, 2019

The Discovery Of The Electron :: essays research papers

The Discovery Of The Electron   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The electron was discovered in 1895 by J.J. Thomson in the form of cathode rays, and was the first elementary particle to be identified. The electron is the lightest known particle which possesses an electric charge. Its rest mass is Me 9.1 x 10 -28 g, about 1/1836 of the mass of the proton or neutron.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The charge of the electron is -e = -4.8 x 10^-10 esu

Friday, October 11, 2019

Life of a Gladiator

The life of a Gladiator could be compared to the life of a modern day professional athlete. Gladiators lived a lavish life much greater than the lower class of Ancient Rome. With food, medicine, and baths all at the tip of their fingers, they were to use all their energy and focus to fight against each other. These fighters were primarily used for Inhumane entertainment. Many Gladiators were slaves, criminals, and some free men. Gladiators were first used for funeral ceremonies to reenact the dead one's life.Gladiators were later used in entertaining the people. They would fight wild beast such as lion, tigers, and elephants and even fight each other. Even though they were sure to be killed for the enjoyment of Ancient Roman citizens, Ancient Roman Gladiators lived a life of luxury. Ancient Gladiators lived a well-appointed lifestyle. For example they were given hot and cold baths constantly. The Ancient Roman citizens did not have this available to them. Disease was also abundant th roughout Ancient Rome, but doctors to keep disease and infection to a minimum treated Gladiators dally.Another example of benefits given to a Gladiator was women for their personal needs. Women were used by the Ancient Gladiators as slaves and for coitus. Gladiators who became successful were allowed to have their own home and even a family, The Gladiator trainers and sponsors treated their fighters as If they were their prized possessions. Gladiators were on a high protein diet and took place in a magnificent feast the night before a battle would take place. This felt promising to the trainers and sponsors In that their Gladiators would be physically prepared for he next day when they would be in battle.All Gladiators were cared for substantially by their trainers and sponsors. Ancient Gladiators lived a lavish life where anything and everything was given to them In order to keep them in the perfect shape for combat. The Gladiators were sure of death but enjoyed the luxurious life as they could. Many Gladiators were slaves, criminals or members of captured of enemy armies, but a lot of Gladiators were freemen. Many retired military men became Gladiators so they could showcase their fighting abilities In the arena.A lot of men who decided o become Gladiators joined for the wealth that came with It. Becoming a Gladiator was a good way for citizens to make money. Many men used this money to pay off debt or support their family. The living conditions of Gladiators were very good. The free men whom became Gladiators were free to do as they pleased and could keep any of the money thrown into the arena during a battle. Many of these men not only craved the wealth but also the fame that came with being a successful Gladiator. The most successful Gladiators became very popular with the Ancient Roman citizens.These Gladiators were treated like royalty and were given much wealth and power by the Roman government. These Gladiators were only expected to fight 3-5 times a year ana could ao as tney pleased In tnelr OTTtlme. There were many reasons one would seek to become a Gladiator. The living conditions of a Gladiator were much better than the living condition of a lower class Roman citizen. Food and medical care were supplied to these men as well. They were on strict diets but did not have to pay for the food which a luxury in its self.Doctors were always present to make sure the Gladiators were in top fighting condition. Men in top fghting condition would put on a better show for the Ancient Roman citizens and this would bring more money to the Gladiator and his Sponsor. Much fame came with being a successful Gladiator. These successful Gladiators were famous for their actions in the arena and this is what made them so popular. A successful Gladiator received better care and acquired more money and wealth in their career than many citizens did at this time.Slaves, criminals, and prisoners of war were all forced to be Gladiators in the Ancient Rom an Empire, but the wealth and glory of becoming a Gladiator appealed to many free men. The living conditions of an Ancient Gladiator were high above the living conditions of many Ancient Roman citizens. The upkeep of a Gladiator was extensive and were kept at top physical shape. Ancient Gladiators enjoyed the life of luxury and adored the fame and fortune, but being a Gladiator ultimately ended in a bloody death in front of all of Rome to see. Life of a Gladiator The life of a Gladiator could be compared to the life of a modern day professional athlete. Gladiators lived a lavish life much greater than the lower class of Ancient Rome. With food, medicine, and baths all at the tip of their fingers, they were to use all their energy and focus to fight against each other. These fighters were primarily used for inhumane entertainment. Many Gladiators were slaves, criminals, and some free men. Gladiators were first used for funeral ceremonies to reenact the dead one’s life. Gladiators were later used in entertaining the people.They would fight wild beast such as lion, tigers, and elephants and even fight each other. Even though they were sure to be killed for the enjoyment of Ancient Roman citizens, Ancient Roman Gladiators lived a life of luxury. Ancient Gladiators lived a well-appointed lifestyle. For example they were given hot and cold baths constantly. The Ancient Roman citizens did not have this available to them. Disease was also abun dant throughout Ancient Rome, but doctors to keep disease and infection to a minimum treated Gladiators daily.Another example of benefits given to a Gladiator was women for their personal needs. Women were used by the Ancient Gladiators as slaves and for coitus. Gladiators who became successful were allowed to have their own home and even a family. The Gladiator trainers and sponsors treated their fighters as if they were their prized possessions. Gladiators were on a high protein diet and took place in a magnificent feast the night before a battle would take place. This felt promising to the trainers and sponsors in that their Gladiators would be physically prepared for the next day when they would be in battle.All Gladiators were cared for substantially by their trainers and sponsors. Ancient Gladiators lived a lavish life where anything and everything was given to them in order to keep them in the perfect shape for combat. The Gladiators were sure of death but enjoyed the luxurio us life as they could. Many Gladiators were slaves, criminals or members of captured of enemy armies, but a lot of Gladiators were freemen. Many retired military men became Gladiators so they could showcase their fighting abilities in the arena.A lot of men who decided to become Gladiators joined for the wealth that came with it. Becoming a Gladiator was a good way for citizens to make money. Many men used this money to pay off debt or support their family. The living conditions of Gladiators were very good. The free men whom became Gladiators were free to do as they pleased and could keep any of the money thrown into the arena during a battle. Many of these men not only craved the wealth but also the fame that came with being a successful Gladiator. The most successful Gladiators became very popular with the Ancient Roman citizens.These Gladiators were treated like royalty and were given much wealth and power by the Roman government. These Gladiators were only expected to fight 3-5 times a year and could do as they pleased in their off time. There were many reasons one would seek to become a Gladiator. The living conditions of a Gladiator were much better than the living condition of a lower class Roman citizen. Food and medical care were supplied to these men as well. They were on strict diets but did not have to pay for the food which a luxury in its self.Doctors were always present to make sure the Gladiators were in top fighting condition. Men in top fighting condition would put on a better show for the Ancient Roman citizens and this would bring more money to the Gladiator and his Sponsor. Much fame came with being a successful Gladiator. These successful Gladiators were famous for their actions in the arena and this is what made them so popular. A successful Gladiator received better care and acquired more money and wealth in their career than many citizens did at this time.Slaves, criminals, and prisoners of war were all forced to be Gladiators in the Ancient Roman Empire, but the wealth and glory of becoming a Gladiator appealed to many free men. The living conditions of an Ancient Gladiator were high above the living conditions of many Ancient Roman citizens. The upkeep of a Gladiator was extensive and were kept at top physical shape. Ancient Gladiators enjoyed the life of luxury and adored the fame and fortune, but being a Gladiator ultimately ended in a bloody death in front of all of Rome to see.