Obesity and Diabetes in Young Children Essay -- Obesity and Diabetes

Obesity is medical condition where excess body fat accumulates to an extent that it endures calumnious to the body. Medical practitioners consider obesity a chronic and life-long disease like diabetes and high blood pressure. The disease has long-term effects for health. In fact, it is the second atomic number 82 cause of preventable deaths in the United States of America. Obesity matchs both adults and children but it is more chronic to young children. This paper will look at the abstract of diabetes in young children, obesity, health education st ordergies and communication strategies used in nursing care and control of diabetes (Benjamin, 2011, 108). Summary of the articleObesity in children has become a serious health issue, in the United States of America. The disease causes problems that persist, as children grow older and has the capability of affecting the quality and length of their lives as adults. young children are now at high happen of becoming obese. As early chi ldhood obesity prevention policies article states, ten percent of infants and toddlers sacrifice an excess weight. More than twenty percent of children between the ages of two and five years old have excess weight and suffer from obesity. This is an alarming rate of child obesity rates, in the United States of America. Several environmental factors can influence the risk of a child, for obesity. Therefore, assessing obesity trends and instituting preventive measure could athletic supporter in minimizing the susceptibility of children becoming obese. Multiple groups of people and other stakeholders can help, in ensuring that children grow healthy without the risk of obesity. The article addresses the importance of early assessment of the risk of obesity and creating healthier behaviors ... ...he age of five years are at risk of getting obesity. This rate has become alarming in the United States of America, as discussed in the paper. Medical practitioners consider obesity a chroni c and life-long disease like diabetes and high blood pressure. The disease has long-term effects for health that affect the lives of individuals, in adulthood. Obesity calls for close observation of healthy eating habits and exercise. Cognitive theory and psychosocial theory discuss issues that are common, at infancy and childhood. As discussed above, these issues could help lead to obesity, in young children between birth and age five. Appropriate health educational strategies and communication strategies help to reduce the susceptibility of children getting obesity. Therefore, adults must help children avoid obesity by teaching them the benefit of healthy eating and exercise.

Compare The Ostler and The Darkness Out There Essay -- English Literat

Compare The Ostler and The Darkness pop out ThereIn this essay I will compare two stories - The Ostler, written in thenineteenth century by a man called Wilkie Coliins, and The Darkness OutThere, by Penelope Lively, written in the 20th century. They are bothhorror stories, a genre which has been popular throughout the 19th, 20thand 21st centuries. This is perhaps because, since we are no longerscared on a daily basis, as would get been the case in medievaltimes, we need to find an artificial musical mode of creating the thrill.I will look at the similarities and differences between the way each narrative is structured, the build up of tension, the settings and thecharacters. First I will summarise each story and look at their 19thand 20th century features.The Ostler is around an unlucky, not very bright man who has a veryvivid dream on his birthday that a woman is trying to kill him. eldlater, also on his birthday, he meets this woman again and getsengaged to her before he reali ses who she is. By the time his motherrealises, it is to late and he feels he has to attach her. She turnsout to be an alcoholic and one day, after she is start outicularly cruel tohim, Isaac hits her. She runs away, and comes back seven days later,on the night of his birthday, to try and attack him, in exactly thesame way as the dream-woman did. He manages to stop her and she runsaway again, this time never to be seen again, but Isaac continues tobe terrified that she will sideboard and kill him, especially on hisbirthday.The Darkness Out There is about two teenagers who are part of a groupwhich helps out old lot with things like cleaning and gardening.They go to help one old lady and she tells them a how, in the war, shel... ...an peoplesminds.The stories are similar in that nothing too horrendous actually happensin either of them. They are more about the characters fears.Personally, I liked The Ostler less than The Darkness Out There, as itdeals with a more supernatural ho rror which only affects the characterin the story, and so did not have such an impact on me. I liked TheDarkness Out There as it makes you think, and it applies to everyone,which makes it truly chilling. At the end Sandra is changed forever.The wood is emptied of the fictional witches, wolves, tigers andprowling blokes, but this does not make her feel better. The old fearswere in a way comforting - It was cosy to think of Packers End,where you werent, but the new fear cannot be shut out or escapedfrom because it is a part of her, a part of every human that iscapable of unspeakable horror.

The Dani 1962 :: essays research papers

Balien Valley, New GuineaThe Dani tribe lives in the Balien Valley of New Guinea. The Valley is very common land and full of tropical life. The tribe is spread among a network of small villages. Each village consists of ten to thirty individuals of the same or closely cerebrate family. Villagers live in huts made of local grasses and sticks. The women farm while the men the weave and protect the tribe from enemy raids.The Dani atomic number 18 in constant warfare with a neighboring tribe. They believe that if someone dies from enemy hands then they have to be avenged. Wars are mostly fought to avenge d polish offhs, to settle quarrels between the tribes, and average because some enjoyed fighting. Wars are fought with bow and arrows and spears with barbs, the barbs attach themselves in the enemys flesh, making it very painful to remove. Warfare is very structured and full of rules to which twain sides comply. Battles do not begin until both sides have all their men present. No w ars or raids take place at night.Ghosts control the people by fear. The ghosts come from discontent or neglected spirits of the all of a sudden. Ghosts dominate the night. They strike fear into all. During the night they hide along the paths and wait to eat whoever passes. The ghosts also eat the peoples food, the bananas in the forest and the crops in the gardens. Since the ghosts are so feared the people take preventative steps to make sure that their tribes spirits are always content. When a tribe member is killed, the tribe must avenge that death or they go through spiritual decline. The dead are bathed with pig fat or else their spirit would feel neglected. A Wyantonafe, Pig Treasure Ceremony, renews their spiritual self and strengthens the communitys spirits.In the affliction the men go to their towers to watch for enemy advancements, during this time the men also weave. Women do not weave, most of the older women wouldnt be able to because fingers are cut off after a death of a close family member. If the men see no sign of the enemy they set a dismissal telling the women that its safe to go to their farms. The men only do the farms hardest work. The women do work around the huts and in the farm.The children learn the their roles in the tribe by imitating those older than them.

Irony, Arrogance, And Oedipus Essay -- essays research papers

     "Listen to me. You mock my blindness, do you?/ But I say that you, with both your eyes, be blind" (I, 195-196). With these memorable words, the sightless prophet Teiresias all but paints the entire tragic story of Sophocles Oedipus the King, one of the most prominent pieces of Greek literary heritage. Greeks knew and love the story of Oedipus from childhood, just as children today cherish the story of Cinderella. In his version of the beloved tale, Sophocles concentrates his attention on the events directly leading to Oedipus destruction, portraying Oedipus as a helpless pawn of fate. The most prominent literary device is dramatic irony, primarily of the spoken word, through which--especially in the Prologue--Sophocles captures listening attention, illuminates Oedipus arrogant personality, and foreshadows the events of the nett scenes.     It is not difficult to understand why Sophocles resorts to dramatic irony in the construc tion of his play. He is working with much the same problem a contemporaneous playwright would face in fashioning a play around the Cinderella motif audience familiarity, leading to a lack of suspense. It is difficult to maintain audience interest when the conclusion and the events leading up to it are obvious to everyone. To circumvent this difficulty, Sophocles saturates his play with dramatic irony, riveting the audience with the awareness that they know more than Oedipus, allow them cringe with the delicious knowledge of the misfortunes he will face. Sophocles employs the blindness of Oedipus to such advantage that he creates an atmosphere similar in many respects to that of a modern horror film. The audience knows the destination well and has probably been there before, but the journey is too pleasurable to forego.     Understandably, it is the Prologue that is richest in dramatic irony, because in that scene, everyone concern is still in complete darkness to the truth and their ignorance therefore causes their words to carry far greater weight. Oedipus comes out to the people, moved with compassion at their suffering, and says to their spokesman the non-Christian priest "Tell me, and never doubt that I will help you/In every way I can I should be heartless/Were I not moved to find you suppliant here" (Prologue 12-14). He will help them ... ... He seeks to make the name of Oedipus a force to be reckoned with, a terror to evildoers. And, frankly, he desires to perpetuate his name by elevating himself to celebrity status. One can almost hear the gods laughing as Oedipus builds his air castles. Oedipus shall indeed perpetuate his name--in one of the most horrible ways imaginable. He will indeed save Thebes--but he will destroy himself in the process. His name will give way a byword forever. He will leave an unending legacy not of glory and fame but of infamy and shame.     Through Oedipus the King Sophocles presents the paradox of a man whose good side causes harm and whose bad side works good. The character of Oedipus itself is one vicious irony, for his virtues devolve into virulent vices that wreak his complete destruction. though the story he tells is a heartbreaking and predictable tragedy, Sophocles masterfully employs the tools of his craft to fashion a drama that has captured the fascination of untold generations. Perhaps therein lies the ultimate irony The name of Oedipus will always be cloaked in a pall of darkest ignominy, but that of Sophocles remains forever radiant in brightest glory.

Essay --

The older persons population has increased substantially in Malaysia over the old several years. In 2000, 6.3% of the total population are older persons and was increased by 6.6% from the total population in 2005 (DOSM, 2005). The number of older persons by 2020 is intercommunicate to be 9.9% and 11% by 2025 (DOSM, 2008). This may keep on increasing for the following years due to the low rate of birth and death, which has resulted from the success of generative health care services (Rabieyah & Hajar, 2003).Being an older person was being viewed as a time of inevitable disease and frailty. Government and public health sectors would be enormous if the onset of disease and functional limitations could be postponed, since this group of population is more likely to be poses challenges such as increased picture to disease, high medical cost, requirement for long term care and burden to the family members (Sjolund, Nordberg, Wimo & von Strauss, 2010 Nakasato & Carnes, 2006). In the sco pe of aging, finalizes are a major(ip) health task for older person, with 30-35% of those who live in the community falling at least once a year (Granacher et al.,2011, Rubenstein and Josephson 2002). This situation is about three times higher(prenominal) in institutionalized older persons than those in the community (Cameron et al., 2010).Falls and fall-related injuries are a common health care problem, and represent important causes of morbidity and fatality rate in older populations. About one in three older persons who living in the community, will experience at least one fall each year, of which roughly half results in an injury (Masud, 2001 Rubeistin, 2006). There are several different causes for falls in older persons particularly involves psychological conditio... ... a study because it broadens results and therefore gives a better representation of the population as a whole. This study only studied on Malays races, which represent a major race in Malaysia. Unfortunately , this might contribute to bias and non-beneficial for other races. Future studies should involve a larger number of races and randomization. CONCLUSION An older person is a special challenge from the standpoint of exercise prescription due to the usual presence of balance disorder and fear of falls with their physical limitations. However, participation in physical activity and exercise will go a long way in preventing complications and extending the years of independence living. A combination of the behavioral program in exercise training is a great and cost-effective especially in managing older persons to improve their life and towards a successful aging.

Essay --

The onetime(a) persons population has increased substantially in Malaysia over the past several(prenominal) years. In 2000, 6.3% of the total population are older persons and was increased by 6.6% from the total population in 2005 (DOSM, 2005). The number of older persons by 2020 is projected to be 9.9% and 11% by 2025 (DOSM, 2008). This may keep on increasing for the following years due to the low rate of birth and death, which has resulted from the success of reproductive health care services (Rabieyah & Hajar, 2003).Being an older person was being viewed as a time of inevitable disease and frailty. Government and public health sectors would be enormous if the onset of disease and functional limitations could be postponed, since this group of population is more likely to be poses challenges such as increased vulnerability to disease, juicy medical cost, requirement for long term care and burden to the family members (Sjolund, Nordberg, Wimo & von Strauss, 2010 Nakasato & Carnes, 2006). In the scope of aging, falls are a major health problem for older person, with 30-35% of those who live in the community falling at least once a year (Granacher et al.,2011, Rubenstein and Josephson 2002). This situation is about three times higher in institutionalized older persons than those in the community (Cameron et al., 2010).Falls and fall-related injuries are a common health care problem, and represent important causes of morbidity and mortality in older populations. About one in three older persons who living in the community, will experience at least one fall separately year, of which roughly half results in an injury (Masud, 2001 Rubeistin, 2006). There are several different causes for falls in older persons particularly involves psychological conditio... ... a scan because it broadens results and therefore gives a better representation of the population as a whole. This study only studied on Malays be givens, which represent a major race in Malaysia. Unfortu nately, this might contribute to bias and non-beneficial for other races. Future studies should involve a larger number of races and randomization. CONCLUSION An older person is a extra challenge from the standpoint of exercise prescription due to the usual presence of balance disorder and fear of falls with their strong-arm limitations. However, participation in physical activity and exercise will go a long way in preventing complications and extending the years of independence living. A combination of the behavioral program in exercise training is a great and cost-effective especially in managing older persons to improve their life and towards a successful aging.

Analysis of the short story Essay

This essay will discuss certain reaction to the story Examination day, as well as reviewing the lifestyle and world dickey-seat lives in. The Jordan family are not rich but they are part of the bleeding class society. The accommodation is quite small, theyre little apartment is described in line 21 The boy wandered to that part of the living room which had been his from infancy. This shows that things have not changed in terms of housing since he was young and probably their wealthiness has not increased as much as they would have liked.In the little apartment Mrs Jordan mentioned the Exam which was why the tension was quite high in the room. The Exam is the Government intelligence test they give to children at the age of twelve. This examination was to make sure that there is no-one clever enough to overrule the authentic government. This test shows an example of what a dictator ruled government is like. This government is a totalitarian government in terms of not wanting to regress power or authority of any sort. These citizens are stuck in an unwanted dictatorship.The examination room was just as restricted as the lives they lead. The room was really dim which represents amount of information they know about the world and their current government. Also in Dickies eyes the room doesnt research very inviting or welcoming even if it was an examination room. Although Dickie could not really see the gray-tunicked attendant he knew that this was a very serious matter. The duskiness of the room also shows the secretiveness of the government and how much they want their citizens to know.On the day of Dickies examination his parents were very anxious to see whether or not their son was allowed to come home or not there were not speaking, not even speculating. They were so apprehensive that when the phone rang they both move to reach for it. This shows that they had a purporting that things were not pass to work out perfectly for them. When Mr Jordan a nswered the phone to the Government Educational Service he was told that his sons intelligence quotient has exceeded the Government regulation. This information was a shock to Mr Jordan that even his wife had read the expression of disappointment on his face. The government had announced that Dickie was going to die because he had breached the intelligence quotient. This shows that the government are too scared to let the clever people live their own lives or even work for them at their young age. This shows that the dictator is not as strong as he portrays himself to be. This shows that he is insecure and that if anyone clever was around he would probably give out from having lack of authority.I think that the Jordan family live in a completely totalitarian world where they have no freedom to do what they like when they feel like it unless they are in their own home. Their dictator is too worried about anyone overruling him he feels the need to get rid all of the clever citizens t o be secure in his position. This shows that this dictator is too unsecure to be head of the government. He needs to step aside and let someone else do the job properly.

Dracula Essay

Good vs. Evil has long been expressed through movies and books throughout history. Batman beating the Joker, Spiderman banishing the thousand Goblin, and Arthur and the guys defeating Dracula be all examples of literature based on the theme Good vs. Evil. In Bram Stokers, Dracula, Jonathan Harker represents the skinny, while the vampire, Dracula, represents the evil antagonist. One thing these four pieces parcel is that evil never fully overcomes good. They all start off as regular human beings, or on the good side, until their spirit and soul becomes taken over by a sense of evil. Gothic elements, such as, an atmosphere of mystery and suspense, supernatural events, gloom and horror, the irresponsible male, and the woman in distress ar all present in these stories. The movie Interview with a Vampire, The Singing Springing Lark, and the story Interview with a Vampire can relate to Dracula because of their themes and mediaeval elements.The movie Interview with a Vampire is rea l similar to the story Dracula. It starts off in a dark night scene filled with delaying and heavy music. Also, during the fight scene, the conniption included thunderstorms and pouring rain. This shows metonymy because the dark and heavy music represents death and terror and the thunderstorms and rain were used to create a background of darkness and fear. Other black letter elements shown in this movie were Lucys pale skin, the castle setting, and the exchanging of blood. In the Lindauer 2story Dracula, Lucys skin starts to become very pale because she has been bitten by Dracula, which is what happened in the movie. This represents the gothic element tyrannical male, because of Draculas presentation of overpowering the other characters, more specifically Mina and Lucy. This at once relates to the gothic element women in distress because the women in both stories were treated poorly and were taken advantage of due to their weaknesses.In the story, The Singing Springing Lark, the re are also many similarities to Dracula. For example, as in Interview with a Vampire also, most of the scenes take place in a castle. This shows the gothic element setting in a castle. As in most stories, a castle usually represents evil spirits and terror, which Dracula and the Beast both represent. Another gothic element shown is an atmosphere of mystery and suspense. In the story, the prince was hesitant to meet the girls family because for if a ray from a burning animated were to fall on him there, he would be transformed into a dove, and would have to fly with doves for seven years. This is an important quote because in the story Dracula, the boys had figured out that Draculas evil spirit was weakest during the times of sunrise and sunset. If they didnt get to him before the sun set, his powers were going to be restored. In other words, the change from dark to light represents a change from evil to good.In the story Interview with a Vampire, the plot line is almost exactly th e same. For example, The mere sight of a bare throat could bring about in me such a taste of arousal that I became like an animal, incapable of language or restraint. This quote shows tyrannical male because it compares how Armand and Dracula are both similar in the way they kill their prey. They both attack where the blood is rich just like animals do and dominate their prey. It also Lindauer 3shows a sexual side because the mere fact of killing got both of these characters aroused. For example, With his left hand he held both Mrs. Harkers hands, keeping them away with her arms at full tension his right hand gripped her by the back of the neck, forcing her face down on his bosom. Her white nightdress was smeared with blood, and a thin stream trickled down the mans bare breast which was shown by his torn-open dress.(Stoker 283) This quote shows women in distress because it describes how Mina, in a sense, was raped. only if Armand, Dracula finds pleasure in killing, and transformi ng good into evil.One thing that all of these pieces share is that evil never overcomes good. Although evil makes its presence known and dominates at first, good prevails in the end. The movie Interview with a Vampire, The Singing Springing Lark, and the story Interview with a Vampire can relate to Dracula because of their themes and gothic elements. As Theodore Roosevelts once said, The forces that tend for evil are great and terrible, but the forces of truth and love and courage and honesty and generosity and sympathy are stronger than any before.

Barriers To Goal-Setting And Planning

Planning is a good process for a company because it helps management think by means of all the issues in advance. It gives them an opportunity to work with co-workers, employees, investors and family and to ex matchlessrate use of all their ideas, resourcefulnesss and perspectives. And it close totimes, when matchless is lucky, it helps to arrive at hidden traps that one might otherwise have stumbled into had one not had the foresight to plan ahead. But intend itself can be a trap of nearly fatal effect.Many people (and companies) spend so much time think, so much time acquire ready, so much time finding things that have to be done, have to be discovered, decidedthat they neer actually do anything. A company whitethorn have so much time proviso and budgeting that by the time they decide to do the product, it was already too late. in that location be competitors, and their new, wonderful precisely planned feature set and product introduction be too little. The amount th ey had worn-out(a) on planning, considering, staff meetings and worrying was more than they would have spent to launch the product and see how the market would respond.A major opportunity lost to analysis paralysis. Planning and organizing projects usually entails working with employees to clarify broad objectives, discuss resource allocations and agree to completion dates. Thus, Lew Platt, of Hewlett-Packard describes what his workday is alike(p) as he puts it this way, Basically, the whole day comes down to a series of choices. To help him hone his planning and face competency, Platt hired a consultant to analyze his day and help him reshape his management approach.Platt instinctively knew that information gathering, analysis and problems solving are important and that customers are a rich source of useful informationbut they can easily eat up a whole day. The consultant helped him understand that some types of customer phone calls were something he could delegate in order to leave 20 percent of his time foe meeting directly with customers. For instance, in Australia, thither is a present need to respond to the increased demands of consumers.There is to a fault a need to control costs to be competitive, and the need to reduce risks including price, quality and amount of money of products included in giving incentives for the establishment of the agribusiness chains. This is the new era in doing business. Australian companies are now very conscious about the variety show magnitude international competition and the need for real planning and goal scenery. But in wanting to be competitive, the coordination, goal setting and planning must be well executed in order for companies to succeed. The Australian agribusiness sector lacks these skills and is obliged to change their business ways (Sainsbury).In this business, there is a need for planning and organizing which usually means that employees must be assisted in clarifying broad objectives and resource allocations. (Sainsbury). Planning is a task. Managers are assigned to detect and make areas that are in need of a revamp, and then to successfully implement a program that ordain address the perceived gap. Although it sounds quite simple and perfunctory, Jones, Aguirre and Calderone (2004) suggested that the public is far from easy, as each attempt to plan and do goal setting instigates people issues in the political realm of the workplace.Because of the ubiquitous presence of managers who offer up their expertise to systems, planning and goal setting has in like manner become an area of professional practice. These experts follow principles and theories they developed their know-how after studying the actualities of the organization. Hence, planning is a luggage compartment of knowledge. Planning is a control mechanism because it entails the application of certain processes and procedures. An effective planning is governed by standards that need to be accomplished (Nilakan t & Ramnarayan, 2006). Every organization needfully to sustain its competitive advantage in order to survive.According Don Hellriegel and John Slocum (1996) companies such as Handy Dan Home Improvement Center, Grey Hound, Pan Am, Hermans Sporting Goods, and a number of savings and loans corporations were bankrupted and cleared out of the competition because of the failure to adapt to changing market demands. They were the leaders in their fields once, the matinee idol of success for succeeding corporations but they failed to maintain their winning edges when they did not listen to the markets call for new approaches or for novel commodities. Complacency has its price.Simply, a company cannot live long enough while immobile in a single spot. They need to plan their company objectives. There must endlessly be a movement to grow, to expand, and most especially, to innovate. The seed of change is inherently embedded in every organization, even in bureaucratic ones. Leaders lone(pren ominal) need to be sensitive to the extant trends in the organization, and more significantly, to the budding little terrors and opportunities. Unlike the companies mentioned earlier, organizations the likes of Hewlett-Packard, Merck and Compaq are constantly releasing new products in the market, (Hellriegel and Slocum 1996).They exemplify the aphorism, indwelling stability spells disaster (Nickols, 2006). Every innovation project of these companies is a part of a strategy for planned change. The planning process is the place to start assessing ones status. The key is not to get paralyzed in the planning process. champion must try to avoid making everything dependent on one or two deductions. The barriers to goal setting and planning are some of the following The plan is so general and there are no directions. One way to remedy this is to break plans into phases and rather than doing one sweeping plan, managers must do a lot of little plans.One must determine a general direction , then sit down and plan in tiny chunks. Then, when one is finished, a small chunk-plan, one can begin executing it. There is no reason one cannot execute one miniplan while planning the next phase. Time element If one is an obsessive planner, one whitethorn find that the altogether way to get beyond the planning stage is to set a deadline. Or example, one must give himself one full month to do planning. Then, when that month is over, regardless of how finished, the plan is to get started on making things happen. One can always refine the plan as he goes. No planning sessions If one goes through planning withdrawal, one must allow a small, regimented time period for planning. A good way to do this is to muniment a day off-site for senior managers once every quarter. Communication among the parties will improve, one will get a change of scenery, those who are preoccupy with planning can get a regular fix and short regular planning sessions allow one to change, duck, and weave a ccording to market conditions. not recognizing unknowns. Many plans would be completed much earlier except planners wanted to make sure every issue was examined and every possibility accounted for.Sometimes, plans are never valid for more than a few minutes after they are completed. So, instead of trying to resolve all unknowns in the plan, one can that make a list of what one does not know, consider that list to be a part of the plan and move on. (Stalker). Planning is also like change management because it deals with the why and how of organizational changes, management of innovation refers to the understanding of the way innovation processes develop within organizations and the creation of conditions to support these processes (Institute for Governance Studies, IGS n.d. ). Therefore, if change management is concerned with the conception, development and implementation of change, management of innovation tackles the same processes but in relation to innovation instead of change. Further, management of innovation aims to discover how to create the conditions conducive to innovative practices. Management of innovation is a handy know-how for managers when there is an effort to develop new products or proceedss, new production and service processes and organizational conditions.The first condition is called product or service innovation, the second is process innovation and the last is broadly referred to as organizational innovation (IGS, n. d. ). In this regard, it can be seen that goal setting involves tools to keep the organization from becoming stagnant or stunted. Indeed, this is necessary for growth. Innovation is a form of change. The only disparity between these two is that change may be any alteration in the organization either as a response to a threat or opportunity or as an anticipatory move to a future change.It is a simple transition or movement from one oral sex to another, regardless of the direction. Innovation, on the other hand, is an action at law that requires fictive capacities to deliberately invent new ideas (Van de Ven, Angle & Poole, 2000). New products, processes and approaches are all forms of change, but most importantly, they are innovations. They are the outcomes of unique or creative ideas that were developed and implemented by designated individuals to achieve a desired outcome (Van de Ven, Palley, Garud, & Venkataraman 1999).In this regard, it can be seen that goal setting involves tools to keep the organization from becoming stagnant or stunted. Indeed, this is necessary for growth. Innovation is a form of change. The only difference between these two is that change may be any alteration in the organization either as a response to a threat or opportunity or as an anticipatory move to a future change. It is a simple transition or movement from one point to another, regardless of the direction.Innovation, on the other hand, is an activity that requires creative capacities to deliberately invent new ideas (Van de Ven, Angle & Poole, 2000). New products, processes and approaches are all forms of change, but most importantly, they are innovations. They are the outcomes of unique or creative ideas that were developed and implemented by designated individuals to achieve a desired outcome (Van de Ven, Palley, Garud, & Venkataraman 1999). Innovation, like change, may also be threatening.It can be remembered that during the industrial transmutation era when the assembly line was just newly developed, some workers were against further mechanization and automation, fearing that they would lose their jobs. Yet management of innovation, like change management, must also replace employee resistance with acceptance and participation. It would be helpful to remember the idea developed by George Stalker and Tom Burns (1994) that technical progress underlies every kind of change in the social order and alternatively, technical progress is the outcome of changes in the institution of society. Because of the fast-paced world of business and enterprising, organizational leaders must always be set to implement changes and to innovate for their organizations bestment. Implementing policies regarding change and innovation, however, must be properly planned and must capably consider the human side of change. careen management and management of innovation are related to each other primarily because both are tools that an organization can use to address pertinent issues.These two management styles are both expected to deliver results in that the old system is replaced with a better one, or where a novel product, process or culture is enforced to bring about positive outcome to the organization. Further, these two management styles are also the necessary ingredients to continuously promote growth within the company and to prevent stagnation and degradation. Uncertainties in the environment, however, make people generally apprehensive of change and innovation. Their stable ni ches and comfort zones are threatened.It is human side of management, therefore, that must handle the resistance of the people. There are several ways of controlling and directing the reactions of the employees, but what is importantly is that they would all eventually become a part of the proposed change so that they can become fulfilled and appreciated members of the organization. Indeed, mapping out all the changes that will be necessary to complete the reinvention process is often im attainable, especially since planning needs to go on every day, for the rest of the life of the company, But it is possible to outline goals and guidelines governing reinvention.One should be careful about how to set goals and guidelines. Some goals are highly subjective, almost ethereal and certainly long term. Others are tangible, tomorrow-oriented goals. During its start-up phase, the primary business goal is simple consistent solvency. It is a simple goal, but it allows one to understand that t he mission, initially was to get the company running and keep it running. There are no fancier goals for many years. REFERENCES Change management. (2007, January 19). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 1, 2007 athttp//en.wikipedia. org/w/ index. php? title=Change_management&oldid=101816085 Hellriegel, D & Slocum, J (1996). Management. Cincinnati, Ohio South-Western College. Hine, Alison. Mirroring effective education through mentoring, metacognition and self Reflection. University of Western Sydney, Nepean School of Teaching and Educational Studies Retrieved April 1, 2007 at http//www. aare. edu. au/00pap/hin00017. htm Sainsbury, John. Cooperating to Compete in the Global Environment. Retrieved April 1, 2007 at http//72. 14. 253. 104/search? q=cache6ccSQXBzoF8Jwww. affa. gov.au/corporate_docs/publications/rtf/social_science/countrymatters/sainsbury. rtf+barriers+planning+and+goal-setting+in+Australian+companies&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=12&gl=ph Nickols, F. (2006). Change M anagement 101 A Primer. Distance Consulting. Retrieved April 1, 2007 atfrom http//home. att. net/nickols/change. htm Nilakant, V. & Ramnarayan, S. (2006). Change Management. Sage. Stalker, G. M. & Burns, T. (1994). The Management of Innovation. New York Oxford UP. Van de Ven, A. H. , Angle, H. L. & Poole, M. S. (Eds). (2000). Research on the Management of Innovation. New York Oxford UP.

Taco Bell Marketing

08 F on the whole Introduction Hong Kong is known as being a very multinational and diversified city not whole in Asia but in addition in the world. Not only is Hong Kong a paradise from a financial perspective, but it is excessively a great outlandish in terms of the standard of living. As Hong Kong has a very diversified culture and a mix of various ethnicities, there isnt a deprivation of intellectual nourishment survival of the fittests and closures suggest that 1 to 4 Hong Kong respondents prefer to dine out and prefer to spend up to HKD$1500 a month.Which looking at the results wees the ideal chance in breaking a relatively new fast nutrition concept, which provides a different cuisine from the current trends in a fast food for thought format into the Hong Kong market. Environmental outline SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses 1. Established a huge brand aw arness and loyalty. Tremendous amounts of consumer satisfaction. 1. Local consumer tastes need to be altered towards Mexican cuisine. 2. High Quality products, at relatively reasonable prices. 2. Property prices are relatively expensive, towering operating costs. 3.Quite new concept could build charge and buzz. 3. Not a very health conscious menu could be unappealing to target users. 4. Sole Mexican cuisine fast food concept chain. Opportunities Threats 1. Introduce Home/Office delivery services. 1. Existing well established fast food chains, e. g. McDonalds, KFC, Subway, Cafe de Coral etc. 2. Experiment with local needfully/taste, incorporate local flavors and delicacies. 2. May not be appreciated by the Hong Kong public. 3. Possibility to develop drive through, to create ease of accessibility for consumers. 3. Existing Mexican restaurants that have established brand loyalty amongst Hong Kong customers. 4. Establish chains where students and working people can easily access. E. g. office creates, university campuses, shopping malls etc. PEST Analysis Political The pol itical condition in Hong Kong is relatively stable, so introducing an American based fast food chain, wont have any impacts or create any problems from a political aspect. As Hong Kong isnt facing any political distress or disturbances domestically or internationally. EconomicalThere are several economical impacts that go out incur as Taco Bell starts its operations in Hong Kong. First of all, starting a new fast food chain would create domestic employment, as jobs will be opened up towards the local citizens. Furthermore everyone earning will indeed pay taxes that will result in an increase in government revenue as the company gradually starts to increase its operations in spite of appearance Hong Kong premises. Social The social factor also goes on to play a huge role when establishing a new fast food chain, as this acts upon the consumers values and beliefs.Many people are known to be relatively health conscious, hence therefore an aspect that Taco Bell will have to consider is the step and the healthiness of the food that will be served to the local consumers. If the quality of food is compromised it could then impact the engage for the food and could hinder the company growth. Furthermore besides the food element, Taco Bell will also have to consider its Corporate Social Responsibility factors of treating their employees in an adequate manner and rewarding them with what they deserve, and also the environment factor and to maintain the plumb environment Hong Kong stresses, nd to reduce waste and place heavy emphasis on packaging their food with recyclable and biodegradable materials. Technological Technology is shown to be developing and rapidly changing all around the world. Hong Kong is known to be a very technology based country, where majority of the business is done all over technology, hence therefore there are some technological factors to which Taco Bell could adapt to in order to bring positive impacts to the chain. whizz method would be to adapt company websites on which the menu and new(prenominal) promotional services can be placed, in order to increase thingmajig for users.Besides websites we are currently living in the Smartphone eras, hence developing apps based on the website and possibly exploiting the opportunities of providing services on-the-go and the ability to deliver from the apps can definitely fix positive growth to the firm. Therefore seeking these technological methods can definitely increase the company value. Hong Kong Fast Food Industry Trends Marketing Analysis As Taco Bell enters the Hong Kong fast food industry, it will have to create immediate effects, due to the existing competitors that have al find outy established themselves within the market.Franchises such as McDonalds and KFC, have established themselves as the pioneers of bring western food to Hong Kong in the late 70s and 80s. Which has triggered further foreign investors such as Pizza field hut Burger King to name a few. Alon gside local entrepreneurs who have obtained a significant market share with Cafe de Coral, Maxims and Fairwood. McDonalds and KFC are shown to have the go by shares in the HK fast food industry at 22% and 14% respectively. Whereas the local franchises combined have only managed 10%.The rest is accumulated with the other foreign franchise chains, which each have market shares below the 10% mark. Which will not significantly impact Taco Bell. Besides fast food, delivery in a Tex-Mex cuisine wont be something new to the Hong Kong public, as there are a few Mexican restaurants that provide corresponding products and caters to the public needs. However Taco Bell tends to hold competitive advantage with the fact that it has an established brand name and the ability to serve quick, good quality and reasonable food items which correlates with what the restaurants serve. Target MarketThe main target market of this fast food chain is mainly aimed at the working population, students and te enagers of Hong Kong. As the fact that it is a fast food chain, its main objective is to provide quick serviced food at reasonable prices, hence incorporating working and student cipher people, rather then the high-end consumers of Hong Kong. Besides the financial element, the population who are keen on a different cuisine of food, targeting the diversified population of Hong Kong, and not only to one special(prenominal) ethnicity but the citizens who are on a certain budget is the main target market.Marketing Mix Variables Price It will also have to consider the budget levels of the chosen target market. As setting an optimal level would then result in a demand, whereas if the price is placed too high, it could hinder demand and if price the price is placed too low, although it may create a large demand, however operating costs might not be cover and could result in financial losses. Product The product will be the standardized menu that has been set all around the world. This wi ll include the food items which taco bell is known to be most famous for.Although it will serve the standard types of food items, in order to suit the Hong Kong market it could also then explore the tastes and trends of the local population and their eating habits, which could be incorporated within the restaurant menu. Place The perfect locations to reach out to their consumers, would be to open their branches within our minutes away from local university campuses, this would result in easy accessibility for the students who would be able to pick up and go, or have the option to eat within the restaurant premises.Besides catering to the students, to make it convenient for the working population of Hong Kong, the best locations would be opening stalls and restaurants within an office building premise or shopping malls which are placed around the commercial areas of Hong Kong, in order to create ease of accessibility to the working population of Hong Kong. forward motionMethods such as advertising is a great opportunity, as Taco Bell is already a well established fast food chain, hence posting advertisements on local newspapers and magazines can immediately create effects as the reports show that 1 in 7 people in Hong Kong read some sort of newspaper or magazines on a daily basis. This method is the most appropriate in terms of creating brand awareness within Hong Kong. Furthermore, through the aid of promotional websites such as www. groupon. com. hk and www. beecrazy. com. hk that promote upcoming products, services and offers can definitely help reach out to their potential consumers and create demand.These methods can definitely bring positive results, once the promotion period starts. Conclusion To conclude by implementing the correct marketing mix methods and taking delineate of the various factors which was looked through in the PEST analysis, it can be drawn to conclusion that although Taco Bell will enter the market with relatively high competition, however due to the already well established brand name and the fact that its products tend to differ quite significantly in comparison to the star competitors, it can gain from being diverse.

Syliva Plath

Sylvia Plaths poems open up a world of psychic bedevilment for all to see. Do you agree with this judicial decision of her poetry? Write a response supporting your points with the aid of suitable reference to the poems you have studied. I agree with this assessment. Before studying Sylvia Plaths poetry I understood psychical bedevilment only as its definition, sustained, dull, painful emotion. After studying Plath we see mental worrying real applies to her. We see mental trouble appears as provoke in Poppies in July and inadequacy in Morning Song.We see Plath existence effected by her mental trouble in all of her poems in nearly all of the emotions she shows us so honestly. Its her honesty that attracts us to her and her suffering of her mental straining. I first came across Plaths mental anguish in Poppies in July which was inspired by the affair her husband had at the time. We see her mental anguish in her anger in this poem. She uses fiery imaging and places the col or red dominantly in our minds. An example of anger in this poem is when Plath says Little poppies, little hell flames. Plaths reference to the Little poppies as hell flames shows her anger by the imagery it gives.The use of Little suggests that Plath is macrocosm con come down towards the poppies. Also the reference to the poppies as hell flames says that only Plath sees the seemingly harmless poppies as being what they truly are. Mental anguish is also seen in frustration as well as anger. Frustration is noticed when Plath says Little bloody skirts. In this name little is used again adding to the condescending feel in the repetition. Plath also says bloody which shows her anger and frustration. The use of bloody also keeps the colour red in our minds reinforcing her sense of anger.After seeing Plaths intense emotions of anger and frustration she loses these feelings and becomes numb which shows another side of her mental anguish. She feels nothing, just empty, dulling and stilli ng. As well as the numbness Plath feels hopeless, only colorless, colorless. After feeling her unshakable emotions the red we felt is gone as she becomes numb and hopeless. From this we can see Plaths mental anguish in her strong emotions and by the way she portrays her words in such an aggressive way in Poppies in July. Finisterre links in to Poppies in July by its intense atmosphere.Plath shows her mental anguish in her pessi obnubilateic outlook of the place which reminded her of a holiday with her ex-husband who we know from Poppies in July had previously an affair. We see her pessimism where she speaks of the deaths of the sailors and their shipwrecks at the cliffs of Finisterre, Whitened by the faces of the drowned.. unexhausted soldiers from old messy wars, here Plath speaks darkly of the soldiers who died at the cliffs. We see that she relates to the soldiers and because of her mental anguish she feels like one of them, I walk amongst them, they stuff my mouth with cotto n. When they shift me I am beaded with tears.Plath also speaks of the mist, souls, rolled in the doom-noise of the sea. The mist represents the souls of the lost sailors who died when their ships struck the cliffs of Finisterre. She says that the sailors live on in the seas mist on the cliffs. As the poem goes on Plaths mental anguish intensifies as the landscape of Finisterre gets darker and becomes quite scary. Plath describes the landscape as the sea exploding, messy wars and no so-and-so, which creates a disturbing and very threatening image in our minds. The poem becomes less intense but remains dark as the feeling of despondency arises.Plath describes the waves of the sea, They go up without hope like sighs. At the end Plaths closing linage, These are our crepes. Eat them before they blow cold, emphasizes the darkness of the poem by how trivial it is. The last line is so innocent and light it contrasts with the rest of the poem which is dark and intense. From Finisterre we see mental anguish in the intense hopeless emotions and how Plath relates to the sailors and feels like one of them. We also see mental anguish in the switch of her tone in the last line which suggests deep mental anguish by the instability of the irritation.When reading Morning Song, we see it relates to Finisterre by Plaths pessimism. She doubts her ability of being a mother and doesnt feel bonded to her kid. We see Plaths mental anguish when she gives birth to her child and doesnt feel the bond they had from pregnancy. We see that she and her husband, Ted Hughes, feel inadequate, we stand around blankly as walls, we see that they are unsure of what to do with the nipper and that the baby becomes the main of everyone as Plath and Hughes are as blank as walls.Plath expands more on how she doesnt feel like the babys mother, I am no more your mother than the cloud that distills a mirror, we see how this really effects Plath from the negativity of the quote which shows us more o f her mental anguish. Also the first line of the poem, Love set you going like a fat gold watch, shows how Plath feels towards the child. The word fat which comes across as a harsh strong word, wouldnt usually be associated with ones child which hints how Plath is really being effected by her mental anguish as another person would use chubby or cuddly which is a kinder description rather than fat.From Morning Song we can conclude that Plaths feeling of inadequacy is a result of mental anguish. Her mental anguish forces her to doubt herself and feel pessimistic on a the day of her childs birth which should be one of the happiest days of her life. Again we see pessimism in smuggled Rook in Rainy Weather like Finisterre and Morning Song. From the title of Black Rook in Rainy Weather a descending mood is already set. In this poem Plath is looking to be inspired to bring out poetry, but cannot find anything to be inspired by.Her mental anguish keeps her from being inspired and we see h er become hopeless. I do not expect a miracle, here we see Plath has given up on hope and her mental anguish grows. We see the mood deteriorate even more as it goes on. She sets the descending mood when she says Leaves fall as they fall, the leaves from this quote represents the falling mood and the image stays with us as we read on. We see Plath become scared and fearful that because of her mental anguish she wont ever be inspired to write poetry again. In the poem she is trekking stubbornly, hoping to be inspired but cannot.In Black Rook in Rainy Weather mental anguish plays a massive role in Plaths life as it keeps her from finding inspiration which affects Plath very much. We can see she her deteriorate as poetry plays a big part in her life but her mental anguish stops her from writing. As well as seeing poetry being affected in Black Rook in Rainy Weather we see Plaths child being affected in Child which is another big part in Plaths life. In Child we see Plath at her absolut e worst. We see how her mental anguish truly worsened and took its toll on her.Plath admits to herself that even though she really wants to, she cannot look after her child the way she should. Plath feels hopeless on a larger scale than ever, This dark ceiling without a star, she feels trapped in her mental anguish as if trapped in a dark room with no doors, windows or a way out. Plath wants to give her child the high hat life possible, I want to fill it with color and ducks, but knows that she cannot because of her troublous wringing of hands, and her mental anguish. In Child she realized that she cannot look after her child because of her mental anguish and feels that the child would be better off without her.From these references to Plaths poetry that I have studied we can conclude that Plath did suffer from mental anguish and her poems are evidence of that. We see how mental anguish effected her emotions and her abilities greatly from feeling like an adequate mother in Morning Song and maturation writers block in Black Rook in Rainy Weather. We also see in Plaths poems the rollercoaster of emotions she feels due to mental anguish such as in Finisterre where it begins and progresses with a dark and intense atmosphere but ends erruptly in a light and trivial way. This is how Plaths poems open up the world of mental anguish.

Bee Season by Myla Goldberg

The novel entitled Bee Season, which is written by a great American Novelist and Musician named Myla Goldberg tells about the profound story of modern girl whose end is driven by her admirations of conquering the national spell bee contest and her journey of facing the aftermath of her achievement.Basically, the story of this novel is bound within the limits and narrative of a family, which tackles the broad range and the various faces of domestic problems and difficulties among the family members.As for this novel, the conflict of interest within the family is considered to be one of the main aspects in the story, which dictates the progress of the novels narrative. More so, the awareness of practicing private autonomy, individual desire and differences in the family are of the most signifant features of the novel.On the other hand, this novel also enlightens the narrative as to how and why the young ones are affected by the various difficulties and negatives aspects of life hi story. Thus, through the representation of Eliza Naumann, one of the main characters in the novel, the author, Myla Goldberg, provides a clear picture as to how the younger members of the family would lose their innocence and pollute their young percpetions as they slowly began to witness and face the harsh realty of life.Overall, this novel tells about the story of Saul Naumann who spends the first portion of his life as Sal Newman, son of Henry and Lisa Newman, decorator of Christmas trees and Easter eggs (Goldberg 2000, p. 110). Eliza Naumann, a seven-year-old girl the sole member of a gifted family who remains to be classified as a typical individual in a sense that she is less(prenominal) fortunate in terms of academic achievements. She is very much different from that of her brother and her parents.Since universe designated three years ago as a student from whom great things should not be expected Eliza Naumann, for a certain time, is considered as a median(a) not just in he r family but also in the academe, as per the definition and point of view of her teachers and mentors (Goldberg 2000, p. 101). With this condition, as a student and the youngest in the family, Eliza has lived her life without the favorable guidance and support of her parents and of the other members of the family.Thus, for almost the entire span of her existence, Eliza is not aware and is deprived of knowing the activities of her parents and brothers. Far from the awareness of Eliza, the majority of her family is a practicing a strict religious way of life. Her father, Saul, flora as a cantor in the local House of Prayer in their community and her mother, Miriam, works as a local lawyer, while her brother is a prolific and gifted student who reads and recites Hebrew through the intensive guidance of their father.Though it seems acceptable that Eliza Naumann accepts and understands her native stand as mediocre and less important status in the family, she still has an surpassing gi ft that would alter the seat she occupies in the family. Fortunately, Eliza has discovered her exceptional gift in spelling as she won in the class and school spelling bee contest, which has served to be the start of something new in her life. This incident and the series of events in the life of Eliza have brought her to a new begginng, as she slowly attracted the attention of her parents.When Eliza studies, it is like discovering her own anatomy and it is no doubt that she has this kind of learning and gift, as she is a product of a well-rounded and gifted family. Since then on, Elizas life has never been the same anymore. From a mediocre situation with a less signifcance in the family, Elizas success in the spelling bee has gathered the respect and support of her father, Saul, who decided to teach her and encouraged her to study the works of religoius writers.In a sense, it can be said that through the success, which Eliza Naumann has gathered in winning all the preliminary spe lling bee that she participated, she has lost her innocence as an ordinary young girl that belongs to a well-established and reputable family. As her success brought about an intensive attention to her family, Elizas father has introduced her the religious way of life and belief that he has for most of his life.Thus, these changes have altered the young perception and existence of Eliza, as she has become more oriented and aware of different philosophy and beliefs with the help of her fathers encouragement. More so, through the confidence and acquaintance that she got from winning the spelling bee in her school and in their district division, Eliza is more capable of doing and learning other things that would further enhance her awareness and knowledge as an individual, which has paved the way for her to lose her innocence.Lastly, witnessing and facing the harsh realirty of life and problems of their family, more especially with her mother ending up in the psychiatric hospital imp utable to insanity, Elizas innocence as a young girl has been jeopradized and sacrificed, which in the end, gave her the reason to let go of her innocence and do what she think is right and practices self autonomy.In the end, though Saul would like to think he has kept his distance in order to protect his daughter from his unfulfilled hopes (Goldberg, 2000, p. 161). His desire in shaping his children consort to his beliefs and philosophy has still affected the innocent mind and perception of Eliza Naumann, as seen in the latter pasrt of the novel when she conciously mispelled a words in their class spelling bee (Goldberg, 2000). Reference Goldberg, M. (2000). Bee Season. New York Anchor Books.

Global warming and climatic changes Essay

Global warming and climatic pitchs have a synergistic relationship-one leads to the opposite. Climatic substitutes atomic number 18 substantial alterations in the earths modality that lasts for an extended period of time and fuck be as a moment of orbicular warming. Global warming is defined as a change of climate that causes an increase in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere. This is attributed to humankind interferences especi on the whole(prenominal)y the anesthetise of excessive amounts of green house gases such as ampere-second dioxide, methane, weewee vapor and other fluorinated gases.Global warming is on the rise but in the last century the rate of increase has been alarming. This has prompted world leaders to assay ways of thwarting the rise. It has been revealed that the average temperature of the atmosphere has risen by between 0. 74-0. 18oC. , in a span of one century . This paper tries to identify the solutions to globular warming as fountainhea d as highlighting the positions taken by opponents of the identified solutions.The impacts of international warming on the youths in future as well as the effects of hydrogen and fuel cell on warming are withal discussed. Solutions to Global Warming Researches indicate that there is no agile solution to globular warming but there are a number of measures which if followed entrust retard the reading and even minify the rate of global warming. Some of the measures include investing a lot in renewable energy, and reduction of the amount of love trapping gases such as vitamin Cdioxide, methane, and ozone emitted to the environment.Much of these gases are from the burning of fossil fuels leading to the emission of carbon dioxide, nevertheless, investing in renewable source of energy, energy efficiency and increasing the efficiency of the vehicles we drive can serve as a great step towards the reduction of overdependence on oil and other fossils fuels that are the source of gre enhouse gases and thus global warming. economical use of the available energy coupled with the shift to renewable forms of energy such as wind, solar geothermal and bio-energy may significantly reduce the release of heat trapping gases.Nations should plant palm plants and corn plants which are later processed to release alcohol (ethernol) which when burnt releases only energy and water which do not contribute to global warming. The developed countries as well as the newly industrialized economies are the major contributors of green house gases , the U. S in particular produces 70% of all its electricity from fossil fuel such as coal natural gas oil and only 2% of renewable source. The usage of electricity from renewable source offers the most impelling way towards the reduction of global warming.De-privatizing (socializing) the US power companies will also serve as an essential step towards solving global warming. This is because de-privatization will allow faster transition from the use of fossil fuel to renewable forms of energy without much devotion to private profits however this calls for serious round table discussions between governments and power companies to reach a consensus. The public also play active subroutine in the meshing to contain global warming. The public more than the companies form the larger proportion of the global inhabitants and unless they are involved in the quest for its solution, all will be in vain.They should be educated in regard to green house gases. Leaders worldwide should also be informed of their component part in the fight against global warming and should represent their governments effectively on the transition to renewable energy (John J Berger pp. 97). The public should be conversant with the effective use of renewable energy such as solar and wind energy and bio-ethernol. United States and other industrialized nations should be pressurized into the adoption of international treaties to reduce green house gas e mission this is because they are a major contributor of carbon dioxide and other heat trapping gases in the environment.It should be tell that the newly industrialized economies and other developing countries are keeping close watch on the developments taken by the U. S and if they are not in harmony with the international treaties, these countries will also violate the rules and thus blowing out of proportion the effects of global warming. Demerits of the proposed solutions to global warming Despite the aforementioned solutions to global warming, different individuals and groups are very skeptical because they feel that solutions are further from being practical.They argue that the conversion to renewable energy will face a lot of challenges since it negates the previous policies that aimed at helping infant industries in developing countries. In addition, they feel that the shift to renewable energy will hinder the development of other nations thus increasing inequality within n ations as has been the case in the last two decades. This they argue will aggravate the social and semipolitical tensions. The diversion of the worlds leading grain crop to the production of fuel may affect food prices everywhere.In the event world corn prices rise, so will those of wheat and rice both because of consumer substitution. The crops will also compete for land. This will last hinder the fight against food insecurity and hunger which are imperishable problems affecting most of the developing countries. The conversion of agricultural land and forests into farms growing crops suitable for bio-ethernol and other natural sources of renewable energy will have far reaching repercussions. Key among them is the risk of environmental pollution and accumulation of carbon dioxide which will otherwise worsen the situation instead of improving the global climate.This has been attest in south East Asia especially Indonesia. When the European Union decided to promote bio-fuel to coun ter global warming and rain forests were destroyed and replaced with palm trees that soak up palm oil for fuel. Many plantations were based on highly organic soil and when the farmers burned the land to clear it they dumped millions of tons of carbon dioxide in to the atmosphere. A bio-fuel scheme designed to slow global warming actually wound up accelerating the phenomenon. Similarly non-renewable sources of energy are cheaper to produce compared to the renewable alternatives.This will ultimately hinder industrial development in developing countries as well as reduce crop production increasing food insecurity. Problems the Youth be Likely To Face Due To Global Warming Global warming and climatic changes are believed to pose serious threats not only to the youths but also to the entire future coevalss (NAST 2001 pp. 620). This is because it poses an exceptional environmental and ecological misfortune to the habitats all species. Some of the adverse effects of climate change that the youth are promising to face in future include hunger, thirst, floods and diseases.Change in temperature and precipitation patterns have a direct relationship with the frequency duration and intensity of other extreme weather conditions such as floods, droughts heat, waves and tornadoes. Other effects of global warming include higher or lower agricultural yields, further wintry retreat reduced stream flows and species extinction. As a further effect of global warming, diseases like malaria are re constructioning in to areas where they were previously extinct. As result of all the energies will be directed to addressing these problems putting the youths at bay.The youths will be jobless since industries will shut down and poverty levels increase. The youths will turn into crimes in order to make ends meet thus predisposing them to many dangers. Effects of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells on Global Warming Hydrogen fuel cells twist by allowing oxygen treat with natural gas methanol or hy drogen to produce electricity without combustion. In hydrogen fuel cells, water and heat are the only by products other than energy. Fuel cells serve as clean alternative for not only electricity generation but also usage by automobiles.Water and heat are harmless products and therefore reducing global warming. Conclusion Green house gases such as carbon dioxide ozone and methane are the leading contributor of global warming and the solution to global warming must first of all begin with the reduction of the emission of these greenhouse gases and other heat trapping gases. However the naturally occurring gases have insignificant effects on global warming and therefore the control of artificial generation is the main concern. These gases are the leading causes of global warming.Although the developed countries bear the greatest burden towards limiting global warming, the newly industrialized countries are the major emitters of carbon dioxide and all of them must be in agreement to so lve the problem. The international treaties in global warming should not be applied selectively for the fight to be won since it would promote suspicion and mistrust. Meanwhile the solution to reduction of green house gases is the shifting to renewable source of energy such as gasoline, bio-ethernol, solar, and wind energy other than the use of fossil fuel and oil.Emphasizing on energy efficiency and renewable energy will reduce the human contribution to global warming while creating a strong healthier and more secure nation The possibility of utilizing both heat and electricity from all sources of energy makes a significant contribution to reducing atmospheric emissions Reference John J Berger beating the heat why and how we must combat global warming. Berkeley Hills book, 2000. pp. 97. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Global Temperature Trends 2002 Summation. Goddard institute for space studies New York, New YorkAccessed online on November 14th 2007. www. giss . nasa. gov/research/observe/surftemp. 3pp NAST (National Assessment Synthesis Team) climate change impacts on the United States, The potential consequences of climate variability and change, foundation Report for the US global change research program, 2001. Cambridge University Press U. K. pp 620 J. T Houghton L. G Meira, Filho D. J gigs and K. Maskell. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change) stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gases physical biological and social-economic implications.IPCC technical paper iii 1997 IPCC, Geneva Switzerland pp. 52 Alcohol modify solution to global warming? The why files. 2007. Retrieved online on 14 November 2007. http//whyfilesorg/253ethanal Global warming and energy, clean energy solution. Fuel cells. Sierra club. Accessed online on November 14th 2007. http//www. sierraclub. org/globalwarming/solutions/fuelcells. asp viper Lisa Bushby hydrogen fuel cells energy of the future environmental chemistry. http//environmentalchemistry. com/ yogi/environmental/200408hydrogenfuelcells. html

Crash: White People and Movie

Crash (2004) Directory Paul Haggis Crash is a ikon that takes place in a two-day period and puts racial discrimination right in the face of viewers. From the time the photograph starts to the time the flick ends, there is racism covered. The hatchway scene shows a somber couple capricious and gets pulled over by two white cops. One of the white cops starts harassing the corrosive couple and leads to comments about race. It quickly turns worse as the white cop starts molesting the female of the couple they pulled over. Which in turn then causes a debate between the black couple about being controlled by white people.This was just the opening scene of the movie. This is a very powerful scene that leads up to all the events find oneselfing during the movie. There is racism in every part of this movie and from every angle. The movie shows how people themselves can be racialist toward their own race and others. Crash breaks down stereotypes and shows how each has race certain f eatures that the race has. There were scenes that showed what stereotypes Muslims slang and how they talk to each other and own small convenience salt away. Later in the movie their store was trashed and spray paint on their walls called them towel heads.There was a Mexican lock smith who was in a white womans house changing out locks and was said to have the look of work party members and go to his homies with an extra set of keys to rob them. Which later shows him with his family at home and him loving his daughter. The list goes on and on with each different race to show stereotypes and how they are perceived and then shows the function in the way they live their life in that movie, being that it a true state of truth or what the real life is. Crash brings real life situations to light. There is a lawyer who even uses a race card to try to get people on his side.It is not how he honestly feels only if it is how he is memorisen in the public eye. Brendan Fraser plays the, no t so popular, intention of the lawyer. A very different role for him to play and puts him as a bad character. Every movie he has completed, he has been a safe(p) guy type and lovable. Crash puts him into a category where later on could get fans to turn on him for this role. But he does a great job portraying this character truthfully. All the characters in the movie appear to have some kind of connection to each other, but not knowingly connected.Each character starts their own story, but by the end of the movie, shows how they all are connected to each other. They movie ends with the anti-Semite(a) white cop who molested the black female from the couple he pulled over in the beginning of the movie, rescue her life from a firey car accident. She tries to reject his help because of what happened earlier, but knows she has no other choice to give his help. It shows that sometimes first impressions are not always true and people could be different from what they image in their he ad.When they showed the background on the racist cop, they showed he had troubles at home with is father that he love and cared for. And he was not getting sleep because of the type of care he was giving him. Later on calling for help from his insurance company, who happens to be a black female with a typical black female name, causing another racist remark. But, again, the only thing he is looking for is help for his father. The black female insurance person was very angry about how she was being treated on the cry and that he was being racist. But later in the movie, it showed that she herself was making racist remarks.This movie has very real life situations. This movie can and does happen in everyday life. I have seen it happen and been about it when it happened. Everyone has stereotypes towards all races. Is that racism? Maybe and maybe not Its all how you act out on it. And in this movie Crash, everyone acts out on his or her beliefs of every race. In fact, the movie was bas ed on a real life incident, which happened to director and writer Paul Haggis when his car was hijacked in 1991. (Crash(2004), ) Since this story was created on real life, it could happen and will most likely happen again in life. I, personally, loved the movie.It had a very powerful and strong message. Crash got you to detest and yet like the characters. Some parts pulled at my heartstrings and got me to cry multiple times. Why did I cry during this movie? I cried because I can see this calamity everyday. I can see how this hurts people and how desperate people can be to devise themselves look good. The movie did win BEST PICTURE and BEST WRITING awards at the Oscars the following year. The volume was done perfect. A lot of thought went into writing this and brought in from personal experience. We all have own thoughts on how every race is seen in the public eye.Everyone doesnt know what happens behind closed doors. When things happen behind closed doors, we do not know the who le complete story. And thats when judgment is brought out. racialism happens everyday. It can be happening right in front of us or we can be the guilty party of creating it. It is a hard battle to fight when there is so much happening everyday. We choose which we do. Stand together and fight against this evil or keep going living our lives with hate towards each other and act like nothing is wrong. Crash(2004). (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. imdb. com/title/tt0375679/faq

Analyzing the value of crime mapping

Analyzing the time value of crime mapping in the first case, it revolves around consolidating specific strategies for law enforcers to address the situation with first rudiment precinct. Here, consideration should be made in the value of providing a hotpoint and focused means of facilitating policing measures. Since specific crimes thus occur in a specific time frame and a given day, increased natural law presence indeed could prove to be vital towards apprehending criminals and furthering opportunities to induce changes in the environment.In particular, specific programmes can be implemented to infuse better means of communication with the community and establish partnerships with specific venues that atomic number 18 inclined for these crimes to happen. Crime mapping can happen if people would consider addressing a facilitative manner of discourse and determination of how these hotspots can be used as instruments for preventive measures. On the other hand, the second scenari o whitethorn need a clustered and diffused means of crime mapping.Since the escalation of crime is not focused chiefly on a specific location and time-frame, considerable attention can be made if correct policing measures are scattered and administered in using demographic analyses. Here, programmes may cater to the need of elaborating specific processes that are congruent to the needs of the citizenry and exploring what probable avenues can result to better coverage and protection. Since this is the case, careful collaborationism with the citizenry is then essential because the scope of application remains expansive and may cater to numerous internal factors and processes.

Why Did Political Parties Spring Up in the United States in the 1790s

wherefore did semi governmental parties spring up in the join States in the 1790s? Why did policy-making parties spring up in the United States in the 1790s? On the 30th April 1789 the Statess firstborn President, George Washington was take into office and was to stay in power until 1797. Within this time the political scope of the United States of the States expanded hugely, giving birth to the politics in which we see in America even to this bribe day.This essay will tackle the many aspects of the development of political parties from the scotch plans adopted by horse parsley Hamilton, which forged Americas first intrust in 1791, to the ways in which Americans viewed the reputation station in place in 1789 make the birth of Federalist and Re human worldsan attitudes throughout the United States of America. A study ingredient in the creation of political parties came through the influence of Alexander Hamilton. During his time as depository of the Treasury to George Washington, Hamilton devised five economic programs as a result of his Nation Government ideology.Eric Foner argues that Political divisions first surfaced over the financial plan developed in 1790 and 17911. Hamiltons financial models won strong fight back from the American financiers and manufacturers, and the models would precisely work if America created close links with cracking Britain. This ideology sparked impedance from Jefferson and Madison, as they both believed that the future lay in Westward expansion2 and thus, the foundations for political divisions were in place cod to the ideological differences between Jefferson and Hamilton.Therefore, it can be argued that Hamilton was the chief(prenominal) initial influence to instigate political opinion in America. However, although political divisions began to emerge over Hamiltons financial plans, it was the events that occurred in Europe that acted as a atom smasher for creating two coherent political parties. At fir st, the French variety didnt stir any involvement between Jefferson and Hamilton but after the execution of King Louis XVI, war broke out between France and Great Britain and inevitably against Jefferson and Hamilton.On the one hand, Jefferson argued that diversity marked a historic victory for the idea of popular self- line up3 however Hamilton as stated by Bruce Miroff, set himself resolutely against the rising tide of democracy4 and the events of the Revolution made the links with Britain even more significant for him. Economically America was torn. Alexander Hamiltons economic plans for the provinceal government to pay off the revolutionary war debts, and the creation of a national bank were vastly disputed.Thomas Jefferson demoed massive disputes with the policies, as he thought of them as unconstitutional and would create program barriers. The historian Ryan P. Randolph argued in favour of Jeffersons views, stating, It was not in the best interests of the land possessor s they represented. 5 Jeffersons view of a development of patriarchal society is also supported by historian John P. Kaminski who argued that The foundation of the patois of America would ally the federal government with wealthy shareholders the assumption of the states wartime debts by the federal government would also bountifully benefit this favoured class. 6 Hamilton however prize Britains reforms, which restored its financial health, and therefore modelled American financial policies in part on William Pitts in an attempt to restore Americas own finances. However the success of Hamiltons program depended on cooperation with Britain, as duty on imports provided a major source of federal income and most imports came from Britain. Jefferson however is argued to waste a deeply hostile towards Britain. His just about Anglophobia is argued to have played a huge part in his drifting from Hamilton and the organisation of the traditional Jeffersonian viewpoints in which founded the republican Party.However there wasnt a complete disagreement over Britain, as Jefferson admired the technological advances in Britain, but didnt see the US industry base in a similar vogue as Americans worked for themselves and not for others. 7 Hamilton and Jefferson retained explicitly different opinions on economics, showing prepossession towards small government power, and a large, somewhat Conservative approach, using large government power to rule the entire country, causing divisions in opinions and the development of the Federalist and Republican Parties. Social divisions can also be attributed to the formation of political parties n America as the new Federalist scheme caused class barriers throughout America. This can be seen in the case of farmers who were pushed towards Republican opinion by the 1790s. In 1792 the Militia Act organised 18-24 course olds into militia units to act against Native Indians, however these were later used against farmers as a way of enforci ng the take up taxes places on items such as Whiskey (passed by congress in 1791). This caused hardship and farmers began to revolt by tarring and feathering. In 1794 the government led 1500 militia to West Pennsylvania in a similar resistance to the Stamp Acts Boston Massacre in 1774.This as a whole caused a division between the farming community and the government, which led to further support of Jefferson and the Republican party as farmers felt like the big government leadership was only working in favour of richer classes and causing splits in society, which in turn were represented through political parties. Henceforth, following the French Revolution, the two main ideologies were constituted, the parties became increasingly coherent and in the mid 1790s they developed into the Federalist and the Republicans.Therefore, it can be argued that without the French Revolution there would be no political parties because the war against France and Great Britain caused a split, not o nly ideologically but geographically in America. Therefore, Hamiltons input definitely begun the era of politics but he was not the most influential factor in the overall development of the first political parties. The opus may also be argued to be a contributing factor in the development of political parties as some argue that Federalists loosely followed the Constitution, whereas Jeffersonians strictly followed it.The historian John H. Aldrich argues that Ratification of the Constitution launched Americas great experiment, testing the viability of democracy. This experiment began before national political parties were invented8 and therefore the constitution agonistic Americans into a democratic society in which made it somewhat compulsory to form an opinion, which was expressed through support of political parties. However, historian Peter W. Schramm argues, The American Founders believed that parties were antithetical to republican government. 9 This to some extent could be du e to an American desire to not have political parties, and therefore be able to express personal opinions through a democracy rather than two distinctly polarized opinions. Nevertheless, it would be almost unachievable to argue that the ratification of the Constitution did not have any effect on the development of political parties, and in fact one may argue that until the Constitution was implemented, Americans were unable to express their political opinions in a democratic manner, as there was no field for expression.The Constitution also had an effecting glance on the peoples view of Thomas Jefferson, the supposed American founding father. If Thomas Jefferson had any spot to influence the political uprising in the States when he was in charge and seated as president, it sure wasnt shown when Jefferson took up the position of the secretary of state as Senator William Maclay observed, He sits in a lounging mannerHis whole figure has a loose and shackling air. 10 Maclay demonstra tes that the role of presidency has a profound effect on the subject and ultimately Jefferson. The fact that Jefferson was seated in an important political establishment, and seated in an ridiculous manner, questions Jeffersons real commitment to the political affairs happening at that time or was he biding his time, waiting for the next presidential choice? The political uprising showed that presidential influence could have a massive impact on national affairs.Although Thomas Jefferson was in France at the time the Federal Constitution was introduced in 1787, he was able to influence the development of the federal government through his correspondence. Jefferson played a major role in the planning, design, and construction of a national capitol and the federal district. In the various public offices he held, Jefferson sought to establish a federal government of limited powers. In the 1800 presidential election, Jefferson and Aaron withdraw deadlocked, creating a constitutional crisis.However, once Jefferson received sufficient votes in the election, he and his long-term friend, John Adams, established the principle that power would be passed peacefully from losers to victors in presidential elections. Jefferson called his election triumph the second American Revolution. There were many problems and arguments however, confronting the Founding Fathers like, for example, thrall. The North versus the South divide was deepening. Jefferson himself was a wealthy plantation owner and owned many slaves.Although he knew it was wrong as he said it was a moral wrong and a hideous blot11, he couldnt give up his wealth and his earnings. Many historians have debated whether Jefferson was an actual opposition of slavery or not as he owned such a large number of slaves himself. Jefferson also commented that slavery presented the greatest threat to the survival of the new American nation. This new American nation would see these political parties spring up and finally abolish slavery in 1865 in the 13th Amendment.Nonetheless Jefferson had an impact on the political parties and their views on such subjects like slavery through his ability to become a captivating talker and a natural leader12James Madison, Jeffersons succeeded in the presidential role, fully supported the Constitution and its values as it was a huge factor in the political restoration of society of the United States. Madison was to come into power in the 1808 election after Thomas Jefferson retired due to illness and old age. The creation of these political parties due to the Constitution being erected is an underpinning factor why Jefferson remained in power for a second term.This was due to the fact that not only did Jefferson had little opposition from Burr or Madison, but Jefferson also campaigned against the Constitution and its values as he thought that with too much power, the government would quickly become oppressive and dominant. To conclude, it would be impossible to fo recast the creation of political parties in the United States without taking into account the underpinning factor that is the introduction of the Constitution in the United States of America.Without the Constitution the economic situations such as the creation of a federal bank, the implication of genial barriers including those found in farming communities which essentially led to a split in opinions, and most importantly, the political divisions most famously seen in the case of the Jeffersonian-Hamilton case would have not arose leading to the creation of the Republican and Federalist parties in America. Without the Constitution, it may be argued that America would have remained in a consensus, and therefore the Constitution itself must be seen as a trigger for the development of political parties in America.Bibliography Why Parties? The tune and transmutation of Political Parties in America John H. Aldrich, University of Chicago hug, 1 Jun 1995- pg. 6 Jefferson at Montic ello, Charlottesville Bear, James, A. younger University Press of Virginia, 1967. George Washington A Life, Ron Chernow Page 599 Give Me conversancy Eric Foner (Seagull Third Edition) (Vol. 1), W. W. Norton Company, 2011 Sketches of Debate in the First Senate William Maclay et al, channel S. Hart, Printer, 1880, Page 212 Thomas Jefferson Philosopher and Politician John P.Kaminski, UW-Madison Libraries repeat Press, 1 Jan 2006 pg. 54 A History of the United States Inventing America P. Maier et al, W. W. Norton Company Ltd. , 2002 Alexander Hamiltons Economic Plan Solving Problems in Americas untried Economy Ryan P. Randolph, The Rosen create Group, 1 May 2003 pg. 20. American Political Parties and Constitutional Politics Peter W. Schramm, Bradford P. Wilson pg. 17 1 Eric Foner Give Me Liberty Page 282 2 Eric Foner Give Me Liberty Page 284 3 Eric Foner Give Me Liberty Page 286 4 Bruce Miroff Hamilton The Aristocrat as prophesier Page 43 5 Page 20 Alexander Hamil tons Economic Plan Solving Problems in Americas New Economy Ryan P. Randolph, The Rosen Publishing Group, 1 May 2003 6 Page 54 Thomas Jefferson Philosopher and Politician John P. Kaminski, UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press, 1 Jan 2006 7 A History of the United States Inventing America P. Maier et al, W. W. Norton & Company Ltd. , 2002 8 Page 6 Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America John H. Aldrich, University of Chicago Press, 1 Jun 1995 9 Page 17 American Political Parties and Constitutional Politics Peter W. Schramm, Bradford P. Wilson 10 Sketches of Debate in the First Senate William Maclay, Lane S. Hart, Printer, 1880, Page 212 11 Bear, James, A. Jr. Jefferson at Monticello, Charlottesville University Press of Virginia, 1967. 12 George Washington A Life, Ron Chernow Page 599

A comparison of American and Japanese Animation

The origin of the modern day endpoint Animation derives from the Latin word Animatus, content simply to give life yet perhaps the early known form of animation, the phenakistoscope, derives it name not from Latin but from a Greek term meaning deceiving viewer.The phenakistoscope, invented in 1833 by the Belgian Joseph Plateau was the forerunner of the more famous (and more commercially available) Zoetrope (Greek Zoe life / trope wheel) invented in 1834 by George Horner,The earliest fully lively cartoon (as they were then more widely known) was produced by a French strip cartoonist Emile Courtet, who, working under the name Emile Cohl used one after another drawn images to create the 1908 two minute long cartoon named Fantasmagorie which subsequently received release in Britain under the title Black and White.The worlds first Cartoon Star Felix the Cat walked into the prove and onto the screen in 1919, the creation of already successful comic strip artist Pat Sullivan, Feli x was to some(prenominal) revolutionise cartoon making and introduce manyclichs that are still in effect today. Sullivan employ all the aspects of the comicstrip much(prenominal) as speech bubbles, idea light bulbs and the quite literal use of items such as the humble question bulls eye, in order to bring Felix to life. As Denis Gifford explainsIf a question mark could be drawn popping out of Felixs head, then it could just as easily be plucked physically from the sky and used as a handy hook, especially if a draw bottle stood just out of reach. (The Great Cartoon Stars, a Whos Who)While the first cartoon mavin may have been a cat, arguably the most famous of all animated stars however, is Mickey Mouse. have in Steamboat Willie (1928) the first commercial cartoon film to ever include sound, Mickey Mouse, looks quite diametric from the incarnation familiar to the children of todayIndeed, the ever-changing appearance of animated characters, due mainly to increased improvements in engine room has undoubtedly led a much more demanding audience.picture from IMDbWhere we were once charmed by the grainy foreboding(a) and white image of a happily whistling mouse, more sophisticated techniques and the introduction of Computer Generated resource (CGI) has opened the door to such astonishing animated films as the Disney-Pixar release Shrek, the visually stunning FinalFantasy- The invigorate Within (the first animated suffer to ever attempt toproduce photo-realistic CGI humans) and the deservedly Oscar winning Miyazaki Hayao creation The Spiriting out of Sen and Chihiro.Today, animation is everywhere, from televised adverts, childrens shows, video games and cinema, animation is no longer simply an art form, but a cultural icon embraced by almost all and guaranteed to instil a childish air of curiosity even in the most jaded and cynical of adult hearts.The application of animation in feature films is by no means a new occurrence yet the scope of creativity and fancy shown by todays innovators is undeniably impressive and has also been shown to influence more mainstream movie directors such as Quentin Tarantino choosing to add an entire Anim sequence to his movie Kill Bill, to Richard Linklaters decision to defend his version of Philip K Dicks A Scanner Darkly a wholly animated affair.The kings however of the art could only be considered American Disney Studio and Studio Ghibli of Japan. The purpose in amount of this essay is to conduct a comparison between these two very different innovators of animatic design.

Machine shack management system Essay

Options This leave al sensation material body you to the options menu where additional lineaments of the administration go forth be shown. Stock Table Menu The Stock Table Menu has options relating to the fund remand. Add saucer This go out take you to a screen where you can add bear witnesss to you infobase. View Edit Delete This testament take you to a screen where you can cipher the lands using the up and down unwraps as puff up as let you delete or edit ledgers. Search demonstrate This go forth take you to a screen where you can search for records, once found it bequeath display the record.Items Needing Reordering This leave alone take you to a screen which leave display lone(prenominal) the items which withdraw reordering. screen to Main Menu This will take you back to the main menu. gross revenue Table Menu The Sales Table Menu has options relating to the threadbare table. View or Delete Sale This will take you to a screen where you can view b oth the gross revenue and delete gross revenue, using the down key to scroll through and through records and the d key to delete gross revenue. Search Record This will take you to a screen where you can search for Sales records, once found it will display the record. Return Item This eitherow you to return an Item which has been sold.Back to Main Menu This will take you back to the main menu. 2. 7 Data Capture 2. 7. 1 Input Forms and Output Forms Add Record Add record will bring up the form used to add items to the stock table. The add record form will look like the allegory below View, Am revoke and Delete a Record This Form will be used to view, improve and delete records, you barely use the up and down keys to scroll available records, if you would like to delete a record you press d and it will be deleted or if you would like to amend a record you press the e key and it will ask you which part of the record you want to amend. Search Records for sales and stock.This featur e will be used to search through the informationbase to find a specific record, it will work by asking for a item code, then searching for the item code, using an IF asseveration in a loop to compare ever item code with the entered value until the record is found, else if it reaches the end of the appoint and has not found any matching record it will display a subject matter saying record not found. View Items which Need reordering Here items will be compared that are available in stock with the minimum stock level, if the values are the same or the value of items available is smaller then that record will show up in this getup form.View or Delete Sales Record Here you can view all sales that have interpreted place using the up and down keys, to delete a sale you simply press the d key and that record will be deleted. Return Item from Sales Record Here you scroll down to the sale which you want to take back and it will delete the record and if the item is still in good conditi on it will add it back to the stock table. strike off Out The Check out is the main form used and the most complex which uses the most types of file manipulation. Here you enter Items the customer wants, it will then orchestrate a total for the customer and scar a receipt.It will also subtract items sold from the stock table and put them into the sales table. When unveiling items it will display the description of the item to soundatedate if the code it correct. 2. 8 specimen of planned data validation An Example of where I will use data validation can be taken from when you will enter an Item Code, in the add stock form, when you enter a code, the carcass will check the entire stock table to see if that Item Code exist if it does you will be given an error message. 2. 9 Description of record or database structure.The Database structure is mainly two files ace which holds the stock details Stock. dat and the other which holds the Sales information Sales. dat, the structure and formats of these files can be found in the Definition of data requirements section. Details can be added to the stock file through the stock options. The Check Out will read items codes display the Name and legal injury of the items, you enter into it and calculate a total. Then it will subtract the items from the stock table and add them to the sales table. 2. 10 Sample of Planned data entry.An example of data entered into the add stock form. 2. 11 Sample of planned valid output An Example of Data output in the View Edit Delete Stock Form. 2. 12 File Organisation and Processing The file organisation used in the database will be a serial organisations, so when a record is added to a file it will add it to the end of the file. Searches will be preformed using a serial search, basically it will go through each record using a repeat loop and an if statement will be used to check for valid results. 2. 13 Database design including E-R Model.There are be 2 main entities in this sche me, a one to many relationship 2. 14 Security and Integrity of Data Firstly physical rise to power to the information processing system will be pretty hard since, the end user will always be at the shop, when it is open, and the shop is locked when it is closed. The data that will be stored in this database is just mainly data about stock and sales so methods like encryption are a little too extreme. The data stored in files can really only be made sense out of if read by the database, spring them up using a text editor like notepad will give, just you lots of hush-hush data.Integrity of the data will be mainly maintained by the validation rules present in the database, another way integrity is maintained is most of the complex procedures have been simplified to entranceway stripped data, for example entering an item into the check out just required the item code, which after entering displays the name to further make sure it is the correct information entered. 2. 15 System Sec urity A number of steps will been taken to ensure that the system is secure and maintains the integrity of data.For security purposes the system will have a discussion at the start up, this will prevent unauthorised access to the system, the password and system will automatically activate at computer start up, this will be achieved by modifying the computer boot files (autoexec. bat) adding the program path and executable location. In this case like- Since with this accommodation the system password will start instantly on the computer booting, It makes it harder for anyone to access the data of the system in other ways, like notepad, edit, etc.Another Security feature will be that the password can only be entered 3 times after which the computer will halt (freeze), and the only way to get back is to resume the computer, which again will take you to the password, the freeze process will be achieved by using a simple endless loop like- Repeat Until restart Since the Boolean variabl e restart is set to false and will never equal true in this case it will just keep looping. Thus making it extremely hard for the computer to be accessed in any way other then through the system, which will require a password. 2. 16 Overall running game Strategy. trial run Strategy The test strategy will include sample all input forms, if they accept all the data Testing of individual Menu System Options Testing of inputting handicap or extreme data Check backup and restore features Test security features Test system by inputting dummy data to simulate real events End-user tests it, to see if it meets his requirements 2. 16. 2 Test Plan Test No. Test Expected Result 1 Test Auto Boot Feature Boots like a shot into system, with no errors 2 Test password Only hello accepted 3 Test all menu system options All options lead to the right place 4.Stock Table accepts all data sets from data set 1 All data accepted with out error 5 Test if only unique Item Code can be entered and not one that is already in the database Accepts only unique Item code 6 View Feature tested All entered data is displayed properly 7 3rd data set in stock table will be edited Changes accepted 8 8th data set in stock table will be deleted Record deleted successfully without any other affects. 9 Test Item Re-stock Feature If Items which need restocking appear in the records, these should be records, 5, 8 and 10 9 Test Check Out, Total feature Should give a correct total.Test if items sold in check out appear in sales table Should appear in sales table 11 Delete item from sales table Should delete 12 Test Return feature, if item returns to stock Should return to stock table and be deleted from sales table 13 Test Password Change Feature New Password should be accepted 14 Test Back up feature if database backs up to floppy dish Should copy stock and sales table to a floppy disk 15 Check choke Feature Program should return to dos 16 Enter very large integer into an integer theme Program ma y crash 17 Entering character into a integer field Program may crash.Entering more then 20 characters in the Item Name field of operation Since the variable for this is string20 program may crash 2. 16. 3 Test Data Being used Test data set 1 Stock Table Item Code Item Description Price Amount in Stock Minimum Stock level 0001 Mobile Phone 35.